Monoplane Simpson’s Method Is Reliable for Left Atrial Volume Assessment in Small Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MMVD | Myxomatous mitral valve disease |
ACVIM | American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
2-D | Two-dimensional |
LA/Ao | Left-atrium-to-aorta ratio |
LVIDdN | Normalized left ventricular internal dimension in diastole |
LA | Left atrium |
SMOD | Simpson’s method of discs |
E peak | Peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow |
LADn | Normalized maximum left atrial dimension |
ROC | Receiver operating characteristic |
AUC | Area under the curve |
LAvol/BW-S | Left atrial volume (mL)/body weight (kg) measured by the monoplane Simpson’s method |
LAvol/BW-A | Left atrial volume (mL)/body weight (kg) measured by the biplane area–length method |
LVvol/BW | Left ventricular volume (mL)/body weight (kg) |
References
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Control Group | ACVIM Stage B1 | ACVIM Stage B2 | ACVIM Stage C | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 64) | 18 | 26 | 8 | 12 |
Age (years) | 5.5 (3–7) | 11.5 (7.8–14) a | 11.5 (8.25–14) a | 11 (10–13.75) a |
Weight (kg) | 5.3 (3.67–7.49) | 4.45 (3.34–6.86) | 4.99 (2.89–6.83) | 3.81 (2.94–4.62) |
Sex (M:F) | 10:8 | 17:9 | 6:2 | 9:3 |
Control Group | ACVIM Stage B1 | ACVIM Stage B2 | ACVIM Stage C | |
---|---|---|---|---|
LADn | 1.315 (1.27–1.36) | 1.51 (1.38–1.75) a | 2.02 (1.92–2.15) a,b | 2.11 (1.96–2.35) a,b |
LA/Ao ratio | 1.25 (1.18–1.34) | 1.31 (1.20–1.40) | 1.70 (1.67–1.78) a,b | 2.08 (1.91–2.32) a,b |
LVIDdN | 1.39 (1.21–1.56) | 1.51 (1.36–1.65) | 1.84 (1.76–1.90) a,b | 1.88 (1.76–2.02) a,b |
E peak | 65.15 (60.53–74.83) | 70.30 (62.50–78.00) | 103.50 (92.28–110.75) a,b | 126.00 (98.75–131.00) a,b |
LAvol/BW-A | 0.86 (0.71–0.94) | 1.38 (0.96–1.55) | 2.34 (2.09–2.82) a,b | 3.24 (2.39–4.22) a,b |
LAvol/BW-S | 0.85 (0.68–0.95) | 1.43 (1.02–1.81) a | 2.59 (2.16–3.01) a,b | 2.95 (2.40–4.57) a,b |
LVvol/BW | 2.14 (1.54–2.43) | 2.36 (1.72–2.55) | 2.87 (1.98–3.17) | 3.45 (2.97–3.60) |
Comparison | Index | AUC (95% CI) | Cutoff | Sensitivity | Specificity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 vs. B2 | LAvol/BW-A | 0.985 (0.953–1.017) | 1.83 | 100% | 92% |
B1 vs. B2 | LAvol/BW-S | 0.955 (0.889–1.021) | 2.01 | 100% | 88% |
B1 vs. B2 | LVvol/BW | 0.585 | - | - | - |
Non-remodeled vs. Remodeled | LAvol/BW-A | 0.994 (0.982–1.006) | 1.83 | 100% | 95% |
Non-remodeled vs. Remodeled | LAvol/BW-S | 0.985 (0.962–1.007) | 1.92 | 100% | 91% |
Non-remodeled vs. Remodeled | LVvol/BW | 0.639 | - | - | - |
Mean Difference | SD | Lower LOA | Upper LOA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall population | 0.11 | 0.28 | −0.44 | 0.66 |
Control + B1 | 0.28 | 0.72 | −1.13 | 1.69 |
B2 + C | 0.22 | 0.28 | −0.6 | 1.04 |
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Kim, M.; Seo, M.; Park, C. Monoplane Simpson’s Method Is Reliable for Left Atrial Volume Assessment in Small Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Vet. Sci. 2025, 12, 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100994
Kim M, Seo M, Park C. Monoplane Simpson’s Method Is Reliable for Left Atrial Volume Assessment in Small Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Veterinary Sciences. 2025; 12(10):994. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100994
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Minsuk, Minwoong Seo, and Chul Park. 2025. "Monoplane Simpson’s Method Is Reliable for Left Atrial Volume Assessment in Small Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease" Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 10: 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100994
APA StyleKim, M., Seo, M., & Park, C. (2025). Monoplane Simpson’s Method Is Reliable for Left Atrial Volume Assessment in Small Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Veterinary Sciences, 12(10), 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100994