Genomic Differences and Mutations in Epidemic Orf Virus and Vaccine Strains: Implications for Improving Orf Virus Vaccines
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. Samples DNA Sequencing, Assembly, and Annotation
2.3. Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.4. Structure Prediction of ORFV Proteins
3. Results
3.1. Features of the Complete Genomes of the ORFV Epidemic and Attenuated Vaccine Strain
3.2. Genome-Wide Comparison Between the Epidemic ORFV and Attenuated Vaccine Strains
3.3. ITR Analysis of the Epidemic ORFV and Attenuated Vaccine Strains and Other Strains
3.4. Phylogenetic Analysis
3.5. SNPs in the ORFV Vaccine Strain Genome
3.6. Tertiary Structure Prediction of Proteins Encoded by ORF067, ORF072, and ORF102
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain Designation | Country | Year | Genome Size (bp) | Host Species | GenBank Accession No. | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NA1/11 | China | 2013 | 137,080 | sheep | KF234407.1 | [13] |
G0 | China | 2014 | 139,886 | goat | KP010354.1 | [14] |
SJ1 | China | 2014 | 139,112 | goat | KP010356.1 | [14] |
NP | China | 2014 | 132,111 | goat | KP010355.1 | [14] |
YX | China | 2014 | 138,231 | goat | KP010353.1 | [14] |
GZ18 | China | 2019 | 138,446 | goat | MN648218.1 | [15] |
CL18 | China | 2019 | 138,495 | sheep | MN648219.1 | [15] |
NA17 | China | 2017 | 139,287 | goat | MG674916.2 | [16] |
SY17 | China | 2017 | 140,413 | sheep | MG712417.1 | [16] |
HN3/12 | China | 2016 | 136,643 | sheep | KY053526.1 | [17] |
OV-SA00 | USA | 2004 | 139,962 | goat | AY386264.1 | [18] |
D1701 | USA | 2011 | 134,038 | sheep | HM133903.1 | [19] |
OV-IA82 | USA | 2004 | 137,241 | sheep | AY386263.1 | [18] |
NZ2 | New Zealand | 2006 | 137,820 | sheep | DQ184476.1 | [20] |
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Zhao, D.; Shi, Y.; Zhang, M.; Li, P.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, T.; Yu, D.; Zhang, K. Genomic Differences and Mutations in Epidemic Orf Virus and Vaccine Strains: Implications for Improving Orf Virus Vaccines. Vet. Sci. 2024, 11, 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120617
Zhao D, Shi Y, Zhang M, Li P, Zhang Y, Wang T, Yu D, Zhang K. Genomic Differences and Mutations in Epidemic Orf Virus and Vaccine Strains: Implications for Improving Orf Virus Vaccines. Veterinary Sciences. 2024; 11(12):617. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120617
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Dengshuai, Yaoxu Shi, Miaomiao Zhang, Ping Li, Yuanhang Zhang, Tianyu Wang, Dixi Yu, and Keshan Zhang. 2024. "Genomic Differences and Mutations in Epidemic Orf Virus and Vaccine Strains: Implications for Improving Orf Virus Vaccines" Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 12: 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120617
APA StyleZhao, D., Shi, Y., Zhang, M., Li, P., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Yu, D., & Zhang, K. (2024). Genomic Differences and Mutations in Epidemic Orf Virus and Vaccine Strains: Implications for Improving Orf Virus Vaccines. Veterinary Sciences, 11(12), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120617