Stability of Fly Maggot Peptides and Its Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide Combined with Hemocoagulase Oxidative Stress in Arbor Acres Chicks
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Bioactive Peptides
2.2.1. Source
2.2.2. Determination of Antioxidant Activities of FMP
2.2.3. Stability of Hydrolysate of FMP
- : The antioxidant activity of FMP.
- : Antioxidant activity of FMP after temperature or acid–base conditions or simulated GI digestion.
2.3. Animal Experiment
2.3.1. Treatments and Sample Collection
2.3.2. Growth Performance, the Relative Weight of the Immune Organ, and Rectal Temperature Detection
2.3.3. Antioxidant and Inflammation Parameters
2.3.4. Histological Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antioxidant Activities of FMP
3.2. Stability of Antioxidant Peptides from FMP
3.3. Effect of Fly Maggot Polypeptide on Rectal Temperature, Growth Performance, and Relative Weight of Immune Organ
3.4. Effect of FMP on Serum Indexes at Different Time Periods
3.5. Effect of FMP on Inflammatory Cytokines of the Liver
3.6. Effect of FMP on Villus Height, Crypt Depth, and VCR of Small Intestine
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | 3 h | 6 h | 12 h | 24 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
CG | 40.89 ± 0.10 a | 40.67 ± 0.09 a | 40.98 ± 0.18 a | 40.90 ± 0.12 b |
DG | 41.17 ± 0.13 a | 41.22 ± 0.12 ab | 41.54 ± 0.12 a | 40.93 ± 0.09 ab |
VG | 41.21 ± 0.06 a | 41.21 ± 0.09 b | 41.34 ± 0.09 a | 40.73 ± 0.11 ab |
LPG | 41.19 ± 0.16 a | 41.22 ± 0.11 b | 41.54 ± 0.11 a | 40.91 ± 0.09 ab |
MPG | 41.33 ± 0.09 a | 41.18 ± 0.11 b | 41.08 ± 0.11 a | 40.54 ± 0.11 a |
HPG | 41.25 ± 0.14 a | 41.23 ± 0.06 b | 41.28 ± 0.06 a | 40.95 ± 0.09 ab |
p-value | 0.156 | 0.003 | 0.087 | 0.003 |
Groups | Initial Weight (g) | Final Weight (g) | Average Daily Gain (ADG, g/d) |
---|---|---|---|
CG | 59.68 ± 0.83 a | 149.36 ± 6.16 a | 11.21 ± 0.61 ab |
DG | 59.38 ± 0.88 a | 127.77 ± 8.12 a | 8.23 ± 0.92 a |
VG | 58.70 ± 0.52 a | 170.12 ± 5.32 a | 13.93 ± 0.71 b |
LPG | 59.45 ± 0.65 a | 143.00 ± 10.50 a | 10.44 ± 1.89 ab |
MPG | 57.44 ± 0.55 a | 146.02 ± 15.07 a | 10.87 ± 0.05 ab |
HPG | 59.04 ± 0.93 a | 165.82 ± 19.11 a | 16.22 ± 3.52 b |
p-value | 0.06 | 0.100 | 0.015 |
Groups | Bursa of Fabricius | Spleen |
---|---|---|
CG | 4.29 ± 0.12 a | 1.22 ± 0.07 a |
DG | 4.11 ± 0.16 a | 1.60 ± 0.06 b |
VG | 4.33 ± 0.20 a | 1.17 ± 0.05 a |
LPG | 3.72 ± 0.18 a | 1.54 ± 0.08 b |
MPG | 3.72 ± 0.14 a | 1.35 ± 0.05 ab |
HPG | 3.85 ± 0.15 a | 1.14 ± 0.04 a |
p-value | 0.107 | <0.001 |
(a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Groups | GSH-Px (μmol/L) | MDA (nmol/mL) | T-AOC (mM) | T-SOD (U/mL) |
CG | 233.78 ± 1.34 a | 3.90 ± 0.32 ab | 1.57 ± 0.06 b | 104.85 ± 0.87 a |
DG | 238.54 ± 1.62 ab | 5.06 ± 0.31 b | 0.93 ± 0.11 a | 105.77 ± 4.27 a |
VG | 238.61 ± 1.59 ab | 3.82 ± 0.12 a | 1.54 ± 0.07 b | 108.51 ± 1.17 a |
LPG | 236.31 ± 1.55 ab | 4.75 ± 0.27 ab | 1.28 ± 0.06 b | 102.60 ± 2.47 a |
MPG | 241.68 ± 3.16 b | 3.76 ± 0.32 a | 1.42 ± 0.04 b | 104.12 ± 1.16 a |
HPG | 238.84 ± 1.37 ab | 4.17 ± 0.30 ab | 1.36 ± 0.04 b | 103.46 ± 1.74 a |
p-value | 0.101 | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.462 |
(b) | ||||
CG | 302.49 ± 2.77 a | 4.00 ± 0.15 a | 0.77 ± 0.06 ab | 99.15 ± 0.72 a |
DG | 315.53 ± 1.89 c | 6.72 ± 0.16 b | 0.74 ± 0.05 ab | 99.75 ± 1.61 a |
VG | 308.31 ± 2.65 abc | 4.23 ± 0.15 a | 0.80 ± 0.03 ab | 102.21 ± 1.10 a |
LPG | 314.17 ± 1.14 bc | 4.62 ± 0.38 a | 0.70 ± 0.17 a | 101.00 ± 0.87 a |
MPG | 304.05 ± 4.36 ab | 4.03 ± 0.30 a | 0.83 ± 0.10 ab | 99.96 ± 1.69 a |
HPG | 306.87 ± 2.61 abc | 4.38 ± 0.22 a | 0.93 ± 0.19 b | 98.14 ± 0.93 a |
p-value | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.051 | 0.257 |
(c) | ||||
CG | 252.93 ± 1.77 a | 4.07 ± 0.32 b | 1.00 ± 0.05 ab | 98.91 ± 1.41 a |
DG | 249.87 ± 1.64 a | 4.16 ± 0.09 b | 1.06 ± 0.09 ab | 97.43 ± 0.79 a |
VG | 250.20 ± 3.40 a | 3.05 ± 0.08 a | 1.32 ± 0.07 b | 104.21 ± 1.7 ab |
LPG | 250.20 ± 3.40 a | 3.34 ± 0.32 ab | 1.00 ± 0.07 a | 99.71 ± 2.03 a |
MPG | 256.91 ± 2.81 a | 3.04 ± 0.08 a | 1.00 ± 0.06 ab | 108.59 ± 2.29 b |
HPG | 250.94 ± 3.03 a | 3.59 ± 0.11 ab | 1.03 ± 0.06 ab | 109.91 ± 1.66 b |
p-value | 0.35 | <0.001 | 0.028 | <0.001 |
Groups | IL-1β | IL-6 | IL-10 | TNF-α |
---|---|---|---|---|
CG | 22.19 ± 0.35 c | 0.44 ± 0.01 b | 24.04 ± 4.87 ab | 2.37 ± 0.56 b |
DG | 24.33 ± 0.21 d | 0.78 ± 0.01 c | 25.39 ± 4.23 d | 3.13 ± 0.07 b |
VG | 19.97 ± 0.14 ab | 0.48 ± 0.02 b | 22.13 ± 2.56 bc | 0.54 ± 0.11 a |
LPG | 18.92 ± 0.33 a | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 22.63 ± 4.43 bc | 0.74 ± 0.07 a |
MPG | 21.73 ± 0.64 c | 0.27 ± 0.02 a | 18.54 ± 1.55 a | 0.93 ± 0.05 a |
HPG | 21.44 ± 0.33 bc | 0.42 ± 0.02 b | 20.53 ± 3.31 abc | 0.56 ± 0.08 a |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
(a) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Groups | Villus Height (μM) | Crypt Depth (μM) | Villus Height to Crypt Depth Ratio (VCR) |
CG | 1319.52 ± 42.89 b | 97.99 ± 4.67 b | 14.36 ± 1.24 a |
DG | 932.31 ± 40.63 a | 81.31 ± 3.23 ab | 11.42 ± 0.34 a |
VG | 1183.96 ± 54.68 ab | 74.58 ± 3.34 a | 15.66 ± 1.83 a |
LPG | 1088.3 ± 35.73 ab | 76.4 ± 4.14 a | 14.57 ± 2.14 a |
MPG | 1150.11 ± 30.8 ab | 75.13 ± 3.16 a | 15.47 ± 0.95 a |
HPG | 1275.57 ± 31.29 ab | 88.33 ± 6.91 ab | 15.05 ± 1.17 a |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.602 |
(b) | |||
CG | 909.38 ± 16.54 b | 77.20 ± 2.11 a | 11.04 ± 0.58 a |
DG | 774.79 ± 27.75 b | 78.25 ± 2.21 a | 9.97 ± 0.83 a |
VG | 779.70 ± 67.68 b | 65.78 ± 3.34 a | 9.88 ± 1.22 a |
LPG | 850.55 ± 56.11 a | 71.04 ± 5.89 a | 11.47 ± 1.96 a |
MPG | 802.83 ± 60.56 a | 78.12 ± 2.82 a | 11.71 ± 0.97 a |
HPG | 952.38 ± 53.00 a | 72.91 ± 1.88 a | 13.1 ± 0.97 a |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.107 | 0.31 |
(c) | |||
CG | 686.04 ± 18.40 ab | 70.20 ± 1.67 b | 10.47 ± 0.97 ab |
DG | 622.69 ± 15.46 bc | 68.05 ± 2.30 ab | 9.00 ± 0.39 ab |
VG | 530.51 ± 28.12 d | 68.12 ± 1.56 ab | 8.32 ± 0.67 a |
LPG | 591.67 ± 16.71 cd | 63.19 ± 1.96 ab | 9.61 ± 0.44 ab |
MPG | 607.55 ± 9.85 bcd | 62.22 ± 2.25 a | 9.35 ± 0.64 ab |
HPG | 734.47 ± 9.74 a | 64.85 ± 1.38 ab | 11.44 ± 0.35 b |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.015 | 0.024 |
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Wang, Q.; Qiu, P.; Peng, Z.; Wu, J.; Bao, R.; Huang, L.; Li, X.; Shi, H.; Zhang, H.; Wang, X. Stability of Fly Maggot Peptides and Its Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide Combined with Hemocoagulase Oxidative Stress in Arbor Acres Chicks. Vet. Sci. 2024, 11, 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100470
Wang Q, Qiu P, Peng Z, Wu J, Bao R, Huang L, Li X, Shi H, Zhang H, Wang X. Stability of Fly Maggot Peptides and Its Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide Combined with Hemocoagulase Oxidative Stress in Arbor Acres Chicks. Veterinary Sciences. 2024; 11(10):470. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100470
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Qin, Pingfei Qiu, Zeru Peng, Junlong Wu, Ruiying Bao, Liangmin Huang, Xiaochun Li, Huiyu Shi, Haiwen Zhang, and Xuemei Wang. 2024. "Stability of Fly Maggot Peptides and Its Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide Combined with Hemocoagulase Oxidative Stress in Arbor Acres Chicks" Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 10: 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100470