Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cats and Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Gd-DTPA
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Female Cat “Ayuta”
- Age: 11 years.
- Symptoms: worsening of nasal breathing and nasal discharge.
- Tumor localization: right nasopharyngeal area. The nasopharyngeal tumor was visualized using CT.
- Treatment other than GdNCT (surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy): none.
- Final pathological diagnosis: highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the nasal mucosa.
- The course of the disease after GdNCT: during follow-up, the overall condition was satisfactory, and nasal breathing improved. At the examination, the visible part of the tumor decreased in size. A CT scan performed 3 months after GdNCT revealed no significant changes compared to the pretreatment visualization (Figure 1).
3.2. Male Dog “John”
- Age: 14 years.
- Symptoms: impaired nasal breathing and nasal discharge.
- Localization and size of the tumor: nasal area; according to CT, the tumor size was 32 × 39 × 47 mm.
- Treatment other than GdNCT: surgical removal of the nasal tumor, twice.
- Final pathological diagnosis: chondrosarcoma.
- The course of the disease after GdNCT: after one month of follow-up observation, the overall condition was satisfactory. However, starting from the second month, a gradual deterioration of the condition, nasal bleeding, difficulty in breathing, and decreased appetite were noted (Figure 2).
3.3. Male Cat “Sausage”
- Age: 6 years.
- Symptoms: impaired nasal breathing and nasal discharge.
- Tumor localization and size: left nasal area with bone destruction and regional lymphadenopathy. According to the CT scan, the tumor size was 33 × 26 × 26 mm.
- Treatment other than GdNCT: standard X-ray radiotherapy with doses of 35.4 Gy for the tumor (6 sessions) and 30 Gy for the lymph nodes (6 sessions). The outcome of that treatment was tumor recurrence.
- Pathological diagnosis: squamous cell carcinoma.
- The course of the disease after GdNCT: after irradiation, the animal was lethargic and had facial edema and a necrotic area (circled in the photo) with exudate. Two months after GdNCT, there were signs of tumor recurrence in the back of the nose, upper jaw, and corner of the eye (Figure 3).
3.4. Male Cat “Lev”
- Age: 11 years.
- Symptoms: gingival swelling and ulceration, bleeding, decreased appetite, regional lymphadenopathy, and lacrimation from the right eye.
- Tumor localization and size: oral cavity, upper jaw on the right side, with metastasis to the submandibular lymph node. Based on a head CT, the tumor size was 25 × 40 × 15 mm.
- Treatment other than GdNCT: none.
- Pathological diagnosis: highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
- The course of the disease after GdNCT: the animal’s condition and appetite after GdNCT were normal, and there was a visual reduction in tumor size during the early observation period. There was no discharge. After irradiation, the eye continued to tear. Twenty-three days after GdNCT, the condition worsened. The tumor began to disintegrate, the gum was covered with bloody ulcers, and holes appeared in the cavity; the cat also experienced spittle vomiting and black liquid stools, a decrease in appetite, and would rub the tumor site. After 42 days of treatment, the tumor had not become visually smaller, the gum was bleeding, the animal’s appetite was not quite stable, and constant use of analgesics was necessary. Three months after GdNCT, active tumor progression was found at the examination (Figure 4).
3.5. Female Dog “Lily”
- Age: 13 years.
- Tumor localization and size: basal neoplasm of the middle lobe of the right lung with involvement of the cranial and caudal lobes and single metastases to the lungs and regional lymph nodes. According to the CT scan, the tumor size was 33 × 35 × 42 mm.
- Treatment other than GdNCT: none.
- Pathological examination was not done.
- The course of the disease after GdNCT: general improvement, breathing recovery, and right lung excursions one month after treatment. Activity and appetite improved. According to the CT scan, 2 months after GDNCT, the mass decreased in size to 32 × 38 × 36 mm (Figure 5).
3.6. Female Cat “Marusya”
- Age: 10 years.
- Symptoms, localization, and size of the tumor: soft tissue mass in the upper jaw on the left side with invasion into the nasal cavity and left orbital space. Destruction of the upper jaw bone. According to the CT scan, the tumor size was 16 × 31 mm.
- Treatment other than GdNCT: none.
- Pathological diagnosis: squamous cell carcinoma.
- The course of the disease after GdNCT: the cat’s appetite improved, their eye was open a little, and their activity was unchanged. Sneezing disappeared after irradiation but then resumed at a lower frequency than before irradiation; grunting sounds (which were present before irradiation) also disappeared. The overall condition improved. One month after GdNCT, the condition worsened, with the tumor size increasing to 38 × 59 mm, according to CT. The condition further deteriorated, and subsequently, the animal died (Figure 6).
3.7. Male Cat “Semyon”
- Age: 6 years.
- Localization and size of the tumor: right femur and iliac bone; according to a CT scan, the tumor was 34 × 32 × 37 mm in size.
- Treatment except for GdNCT: four courses of chemotherapy.
- Pathological diagnosis: osteogenic sarcoma.
- The course of the disease after GdNCT: on the tenth day after NCT, the animal was eating, drinking, and feeling well. A CT scan three months after irradiation revealed an increase in the tumor size to 58 × 38 × 46 mm (Figure 7).
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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№ | Type | Age, Years | Name | Localization of the Tumor | Pathological Diagnosis | Integral Current |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | cat | 11 | Ayuta | nasopharynx | highly differentiated adenocarcinoma | 4 |
2 | dog | 14 | John | nose | chondrosarcoma | 4.4 |
3 | cat | 6 | Sausage | nose with bone destruction, | squamous cell carcinoma | 2.2 |
4 | cat | 11 | Leva | gum and jaw lymphadenopathy | highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma | 4.4 |
5 | dog | 13 | Lily | lung cancer, lung metastases | – | 3.4 |
6 | cat | 10 | Marusya | oral cavity, jaw | squamous cell carcinoma | 4 |
7 | cat | 7 | Semyon | femur and ilium | sarcoma | 4 |
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Kanygin, V.; Zaboronok, A.; Kichigin, A.; Petrova, E.; Guselnikova, T.; Kozlov, A.; Lukichev, D.; Mathis, B.J.; Taskaev, S. Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cats and Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Gd-DTPA. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040274
Kanygin V, Zaboronok A, Kichigin A, Petrova E, Guselnikova T, Kozlov A, Lukichev D, Mathis BJ, Taskaev S. Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cats and Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Gd-DTPA. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(4):274. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040274
Chicago/Turabian StyleKanygin, Vladimir, Alexander Zaboronok, Aleksandr Kichigin, Elena Petrova, Tatyana Guselnikova, Andrey Kozlov, Dmitriy Lukichev, Bryan J. Mathis, and Sergey Taskaev. 2023. "Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Cats and Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Gd-DTPA" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 4: 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040274