Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Spinal DC Stimulation as a Neurorehabilitation ALS Therapy in Awake G93A Mice: The First Step to Clinical Translation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Outcomes of Parameter and Methodology Exploration to Inform Future Studies
3.2. Method of Restraint
3.3. Electrode Design
3.4. Skin Preparation
3.5. Current Density and Total Charge Delivered
3.6. Effects on Disease Progression: Primary and Secondary Outcomes
3.6.1. Weight
3.6.2. Motor Function
3.6.3. Survival
3.6.4. Correlations
4. Discussion
4.1. Physics of tsDCS
4.2. Anodal Stimulation May Be Harmful to Survival
4.3. Weaker Cathodal Effect
4.4. Design Revisions: Secondary Study Outcomes and Clinical Relevance
4.5. Sex Effects
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Technique | Density (A/m2) | Stimulation Duration (min) | Total Charge Delivered (C/cm2) | Effect Duration (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nitsche 2000 [27] | tDCS | 0.29 | 5 | 0.0087 | 5 |
Nitsche 2003 [26] | tDCS | 0.29 | 9 | 0.01566 | 60 |
Lang 2004 [29] | tDCS | 0.29 | 10 | 0.0174 | 40 |
Ardolino 2005 [30] | tDCS | 0.43 | 10 | 0.0258 | 60 |
Nitsche 2005 [28] | tDCS | 0.29 | 9–13 | 0.02262 | 40 |
Quartarone 2007 [31] | tDCS | 0.29 | 7 | 0.01218 | 10 |
Monte 2010 [32] | tDCS | 0.29 | 9 | 0.01566 | 60 |
Monte 2010 [32] | tDCS | 0.29 | 18 | 0.03132 | 90 |
Aguilar 2011 [24] | sDCS (implanted) | 12.7 | 15 | 1.15 | N/A |
Ahmed 2011 [25] | tsDCS | 0.64–38.2 | 3 | 0.6876 | 20 |
Lazzaro 2012 [33] | tDCS | 0.29 | 20 | 0.0348 | 180 |
Jankowska 2017 [34] | Epidural sDC | 10 | 60 |
Treatment Group | Final Completion | Final Run | Survival | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sham | 102.33 ± 6.60 | (n = 12) | 118.31 ± 9.09 | (n = 13) | 127.62 ± 11.11 | (n = 13) |
Anodal | 102.31 ± 8.94 | (n = 13) | 117.38 ± 7.27 | (n = 13) | 123.50 ± 4.87 | (n = 12) |
Cathodal | 104.18 ± 5.96 | (n = 11) | 118.77 ± 7.24 | (n = 13) | 127.77 ± 9.44 | (n = 13) |
Group | Correlation Coefficient (r) | p-Value Halt: r ≠ 0 |
---|---|---|
Motor Decline and Survival | ||
S | 0.6328 | 0.0203 |
A | −0.1923 | 0.5290 |
C | 0.7631 | 0.0024 |
Baseline Weight and Survival | ||
S | −0.2035 | 0.5050 |
A | 0.3094 | 0.3037 |
C | 0.1448 | 0.6370 |
Baseline Weight and Motor Function Decline | ||
S | −0.1392 | 0.6501 |
A | −0.4629 | 0.1112 |
C | 0.3559 | 0.2327 |
Weight Loss Rate and Survival | ||
S | 0.3914 | 0.1860 |
A | 0.3912 | 0.1862 |
C | 0.5326 | 0.0609 |
Weight Loss Rate and Motor Function Decline | ||
S | 0.5005 | 0.0815 |
A | −0.4040 | 0.1709 |
C | 0.3408 | 0.2544 |
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Highlander, M.M.; Elbasiouny, S.M. Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Spinal DC Stimulation as a Neurorehabilitation ALS Therapy in Awake G93A Mice: The First Step to Clinical Translation. Bioengineering 2022, 9, 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090441
Highlander MM, Elbasiouny SM. Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Spinal DC Stimulation as a Neurorehabilitation ALS Therapy in Awake G93A Mice: The First Step to Clinical Translation. Bioengineering. 2022; 9(9):441. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090441
Chicago/Turabian StyleHighlander, Morgan M., and Sherif M. Elbasiouny. 2022. "Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Spinal DC Stimulation as a Neurorehabilitation ALS Therapy in Awake G93A Mice: The First Step to Clinical Translation" Bioengineering 9, no. 9: 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090441