Combined Strategies to Prompt the Biological Reduction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: New Sustainable Options for Bioremediation Application
Abstract
:1. Background
- Low efficacy on separate phase or highly adsorbed fraction (at source);
- Substrate availability limitations; and
- Incomplete degradation pathways (stall at an intermediate stage) for energetic and kinetic constraints with volatile and more toxic by-product accumulation, e.g., VC.
2. Coupled Strategies: Case Studies
2.1. Combination of GCW (Groundwater Circulation Well) and ENA (Enhanced Natural Attenuation)
2.2. Combination of Adsorption and Biodegradation
3. Novel Research and Perspectives
3.1. Sustainable Electron Donor Source: PHA from Mixed Microbial Culture
3.2. Sustainable Adsorption Material: Biochar
3.3. New Configurations of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (MET)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rossi, M.M.; Dell’Armi, E.; Lorini, L.; Amanat, N.; Zeppilli, M.; Villano, M.; Petrangeli Papini, M. Combined Strategies to Prompt the Biological Reduction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: New Sustainable Options for Bioremediation Application. Bioengineering 2021, 8, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8080109
Rossi MM, Dell’Armi E, Lorini L, Amanat N, Zeppilli M, Villano M, Petrangeli Papini M. Combined Strategies to Prompt the Biological Reduction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: New Sustainable Options for Bioremediation Application. Bioengineering. 2021; 8(8):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8080109
Chicago/Turabian StyleRossi, Marta M., Edoardo Dell’Armi, Laura Lorini, Neda Amanat, Marco Zeppilli, Marianna Villano, and Marco Petrangeli Papini. 2021. "Combined Strategies to Prompt the Biological Reduction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: New Sustainable Options for Bioremediation Application" Bioengineering 8, no. 8: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8080109