Multi-Objective Calibration of a Pre-Modern Nile Hydrologic Model Using Recovered Records
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nile River Basin
2.2. Data
| Data | Source | Format | Resolution | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate Drivers for Simulation | ||||
| Minimum temperature Maximum temperature Precipitation | GSWP3 | Gridded | Daily 0.5° × 0.5° | Dirmeyer et al. [44] |
| Hydrology Observations for Calibration | ||||
| Discharge | GRDC HURST | Gauged | Monthly | http://grdc.bafg.de/ (Accessed on 9 March 2023) Hurst et al. [47] |
| Lake stages | Digitized Dahiti | Gauged | Monthly | Vanderkelen et al. [49] Yasuda et al. [50] Schwatke et al. [51] |
2.3. GR4J Hydrologic Model in Raven
2.4. Nile Model Setup
2.5. Multi-Objective Calibration
2.6. Time Series Analysis
2.7. Climate Sensitivity
3. Results
3.1. Calibration and Validation
3.2. Time Series Analysis: Observed vs. Simulated Discharge
3.3. Climate and Parameter Sensitivity Analyses
4. Discussion
4.1. Model Calibration and Uncertainty
4.2. Capturing Regional Disruptions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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| Function | Full Name | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| MAE | Mean Absolute Error | |
| RMSE | Root Mean Square Error | |
| NSE | Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency | |
| rNSE | Relative Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency |
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Munyejuru, I.F.; Stagge, J.H. Multi-Objective Calibration of a Pre-Modern Nile Hydrologic Model Using Recovered Records. Hydrology 2026, 13, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13040114
Munyejuru IF, Stagge JH. Multi-Objective Calibration of a Pre-Modern Nile Hydrologic Model Using Recovered Records. Hydrology. 2026; 13(4):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13040114
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunyejuru, Irenee Felix, and James H. Stagge. 2026. "Multi-Objective Calibration of a Pre-Modern Nile Hydrologic Model Using Recovered Records" Hydrology 13, no. 4: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13040114
APA StyleMunyejuru, I. F., & Stagge, J. H. (2026). Multi-Objective Calibration of a Pre-Modern Nile Hydrologic Model Using Recovered Records. Hydrology, 13(4), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13040114

