A Novel Approach to Optimize the Industrial Process of Membrane Concentration of Grape Musts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Membrane Lab-Scale Plants
- Pretretment
- Nanofiltration membranes
- Reverse osmosis membranes
- Industrial-scale plant fitted with NF or RO membranes
Industrial-Scale Plant Fitted with NF or RO Membranes
2.3. Fouling Mechanisms
2.4. Industrial Plant Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Test Selection of Membranes
3.1.1. Nanofiltration
3.1.2. Reverse Osmosis
3.2. Test Results on the Industrial Plants
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Musts | Density kgm | Sugars °Bx | Dry Extract gL |
---|---|---|---|
Black Bombino (lab. and industrial tests) | 1088 | 18.9 ± 0.1 | 181 ± 3 |
Verdeca (lab. and industrial tests) | 1079 | 19.7 ± 0.1 | 191 ± 2 |
Trebbiano (industrial tests) | 1062 | 15.8 ± 0.1 | 159 ± 4 |
Permeate Diameter Pipes Dp (cm) | Retentate Diameter Pipes Dc | Features Centrifugal Pump | Features Volumetric Pump | Total Membrane Area m2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.74 | 3 | Flow: up to 520 Lmin Pressure: = 3.0 bar Power: 3.0 kW | Flow: up to 42 Lmin Pressure: bar Power: 11 kW | 55 |
Bombino | Verdeca | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Membrane | ||||
RO1 | 42 ± 20 | 0.41 ± 0.06 | 97 ± 41 | 0.34 ± 0.08 |
RO2 | 116 ± 93 | 0.30 ± 0.2 | 44 ± 30 | 0.46 ± 0.07 |
RO3 | 109 ± 61 | 0.48 ± 0.09 | 194 ± 113 | 0.31 ± 0.2 |
Black Bombino | Verdeca | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Membrane | P (bar) | Density (kgL) | Sugars (g/100 g) | DryExtract (gL) | Density (kgL) | Sugars (g/100 g) | DryExtract (gL) |
RO4 | 40 | 1.085 ± 0.001 | 19.5 ± 0.1 | 187 ± 3 | 1.089 ± 0.001 | 21.0 ± 0.2 | 208 ± 2 |
50 | 1.086 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.1 | 191 ± 1 | 1.089 ± 0.001 | 20.6 ± 0.1 | 208 ± 1 | |
60 | 1.087 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.2 | 195 ± 1 | 1.090 ± 0.001 | 21.0 ± 0.2 | 211 ± 3 | |
70 | 1.088 ± 0.001 | 20.2 ± 0.1 | 198 ± 2 | 1.091 ± 0.001 | 21.2 ± 0.2 | 215 ± 1 | |
RO5 | 40 | 1.085 ± 0.001 | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 190 ± 2 | 1.088 ± 0.001 | 20.6 ± 0.2 | 205 ± 2 |
50 | 1.087 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.1 | 194 ± 1 | 1.090 ± 0.001 | 21.0 ± 0.2 | 210 ± 3 | |
60 | 1.089 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.3 | 200 ± 2 | 1.092 ± 0.001 | 21.3 ± 0.1 | 218 ± 4 | |
70 | 1.091 ± 0.001 | 20.8 ± 0.1 | 201 ± 2 | 1.093 ± 0.001 | 21.8 ± 0.2 | 220 ± 2 | |
White Bombino | Trebbiano | ||||||
RO4 | 40 | 1.078 ± 0.001 | 17.6 ± 0.2 | 179 ± 1 | 1.076 ± 0.001 | 17.4 ± 0.1 | 169 ± 2 |
50 | 1.080 ± 0.001 | 18.4 ± 0.3 | 181 ± 4 | 1.077 ± 0.001 | 17.9 ± 0.2 | 176 ± 4 | |
60 | 1.080 ± 0.001 | 18.7 ± 0.2 | 182 ± 4 | 1.079 ± 0.001 | 18.3 ± 0.3 | 176 ± 2 | |
70 | 1.086 ± 0.001 | 18.2 ± 0.1 | 183 ± 3 | 1.080 ± 0.001 | 18.3 ± 0.1 | 176 ± 6 | |
RO5 | 40 | 1.079 ± 0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.2 | 178 ± 3 | 1.076 ± 0.001 | 17.9 ± 0.2 | 169 ± 2 |
50 | 1.083 ± 0.001 | 19.0 ± 0.2 | 189 ± 3 | 1.079 ± 0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.3 | 176 ± 4 | |
60 | 1.085 ± 0.001 | 19.5 ± 0.1 | 192 ± 3 | 1.082 ± 0.001 | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 176 ± 2 | |
70 | 1.086 ± 0.001 | 19.8 ± 0.3 | 194 ± 4 | 1.084 ± 0.001 | 20.3 ± 0.1 | 183 ± 1 |
Black Bombino | Verdeca | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Membrane | P (bar) | Density (kgL) | Sugars (g/100 g) | DryExtract (gL) | Density (kgL) | Sugars (g/100 g) | DryExtract (gL) |
NF2 | 25 | 1.088 ± 0.001 | 20.2 ± 0.1 | 194 ± 2 | 1.092 ± 0.001 | 21.2 ± 0.1 | 217 ± 5 |
30 | 1.089 ± 0.001 | 20.2 ± 0.3 | 196 ± 6 | 1.092 ± 0.001 | 21.2 ± 0.2 | 217 ± 3 | |
35 | 1.090 ± 0.001 | 20.4 ± 0.1 | 199 ± 5 | 1.092 ± 0.001 | 21.4 ± 0.2 | 217 ± 3 | |
40 | 1.091 ± 0.001 | 20.5 ± 0.2 | 200 ± 3 | 1.093 ± 0.001 | 21.8 ± 0.3 | 220 ± 2 | |
NF4 | 25 | 1.089 ± 0.001 | 20.4 ± 0.2 | 198 ± 4 | 1.092 ± 0.001 | 21.4 ± 0.1 | 215 ± 4 |
30 | 1.090 ± 0.001 | 20.8 ± 0.1 | 199 ± 3 | 1.095 ± 0.001 | 22.0 ± 0.1 | 219 ± 3 | |
35 | 1.092 ± 0.001 | 21.0 ± 0.2 | 205 ± 2 | 1.097 ± 0.001 | 22.2 ± 0.1 | 222 ± 6 | |
40 | 1.092 ± 0.001 | 21.0 ± 0.1 | 205 ± 2 | 1.099 ± 0.001 | 22.5 ± 0.1 | 229 ± 2 | |
White Bombino | Trebbiano | ||||||
NF2 | 25 | 1.074 ± 0.001 | 17.2 ± 0.2 | 163 ± 1 | 1.073 ± 0.001 | 17.0 ± 0.2 | 157 ± 4 |
30 | 1.075 ± 0.001 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 166 ± 2 | 1.074 ± 0.001 | 17.0 ± 0.3 | 160 ± 2 | |
35 | 1.076 ± 0.001 | 17.8 ± 0.1 | 169 ± 3 | 1.076 ± 0.001 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 166 ± 3 | |
40 | 1.077 ± 0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.2 | 172 ± 4 | 1.077 ± 0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.1 | 166 ± 4 | |
NF4 | 25 | 1.079 ± 0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.2 | 178 ± 3 | 1.078 ± 0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.3 | 173 ± 1 |
30 | 1.082 ± 0.001 | 19.0 ± 0.3 | 191 ± 6 | 1.084 ± 0.001 | 19.0 ± 0.2 | 188 ± 4 | |
35 | 1.085 ± 0.001 | 19.5 ± 0.2 | 195 ± 2 | 1.087 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.3 | 197 ± 3 | |
40 | 1.088 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.2 | 203 ± 2 | 1.087 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.3 | 197 ± 4 |
Membrane | P (bar) | Black Bombino | Verdeca | White Bombino | Trebbiano |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NF2 | 25 | 15.8 ± 0.4 | 16.8 ± 0.2 | 12.7 ± 0.2 | 13.2 ± 0.3 |
30 | 15.0 ± 0.3 | 16.8 ± 0.1 | 12.4 ± 0.1 | 12.6 ± 0.2 | |
35 | 14.0 ± 0.2 | 16.5 ± 0.2 | 12.0 ± 0.2 | 12.4 ± 0.3 | |
40 | 13.4 ± 0.2 | 16.6 ± 0.1 | 13.0 ± 0.1 | 11.4 ± 0.2 | |
NF4 | 25 | 9.4 ± 0.2 | 12.4 ± 0.3 | 8.2 ± 0.3 | 8.2 ± 0.3 |
30 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 7.5 ± 0.2 | 7.8 ± 0.2 | |
35 | 8.0 ± 0.2 | 10.4 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | |
40 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 10.2 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | |
RO4 | 40 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 17.2 ± 0.2 | 163 ± 1 | 5.6 ± 0.3 |
50 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 166 ± 2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | |
60 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 17.8 ± 0.1 | 169 ± 3 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | |
70 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 18.0 ± 0.2 | 172 ± 4 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | |
RO5 | 40 | 1.079 ± 0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.2 | 178 ± 3 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
50 | 1.082 ± 0.001 | 19.0 ± 0.3 | 191 ± 6 | 04 ± 0.1 | |
60 | 1.085 ± 0.001 | 19.5 ± 0.2 | 195 ± 2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | |
70 | 1.088 ± 0.001 | 20.0 ± 0.2 | 203 ± 2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
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Bianchi, B.; Molino, B.; Catalano, F.; Giametta, F.; Molino, A.J.; Ambrosone, L. A Novel Approach to Optimize the Industrial Process of Membrane Concentration of Grape Musts. ChemEngineering 2023, 7, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7030048
Bianchi B, Molino B, Catalano F, Giametta F, Molino AJ, Ambrosone L. A Novel Approach to Optimize the Industrial Process of Membrane Concentration of Grape Musts. ChemEngineering. 2023; 7(3):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7030048
Chicago/Turabian StyleBianchi, Biagio, Bruno Molino, Filippo Catalano, Ferruccio Giametta, Antonio Jacopo Molino, and Luigi Ambrosone. 2023. "A Novel Approach to Optimize the Industrial Process of Membrane Concentration of Grape Musts" ChemEngineering 7, no. 3: 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7030048