Mercury Chloride Impacts on the Development of Erythrocytes and Megakaryocytes in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mice and Hg Treatment
2.2. Routine Blood Test (RBT)
2.3. Hg Measurement
2.4. Antibodies (Ab) and Flow Cytometry
2.5. RBC Clearance Assay
2.6. CFU Assay
2.7. Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) Staining
2.8. EMPs Intervention and Differentiation Assay In Vitro
2.9. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (q-PCR)
2.10. Confocol Imaging
2.11. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.12. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Hg Concentration in the Blood and BM
3.2. HgCl2 Increases the Number of Mature RBCs and Platelets in the Blood of B10.S Mice
3.3. HgCl2 Does Not Impact the Clearance of Mature RBCs in B10.S Mice
3.4. HgCl2 Increases the Development of Erythrocytes and Megakaryocytes/Platelets in the BM of B10.S Mice
3.5. HgCl2 Drives the Proliferation and Differentiation of EMPs in the BM of B10.S Mice
3.6. HgCl2 Activates the Jak2/STAT5 Signaling Pathway to Promote EMP Differentiation in the BM of B10.S Mice
3.7. A Direct Action of HgCl2 on EMPs Suppresses Their Differentiation in the BM of B10.S Mice
3.8. HgCl2 Does Not Impact EPO Production, but Increases the Expression of EPOR to Enhance the Jak2/STAT5 Signaling Pathway in EMPs in the BM of B10.S Mice
3.9. HgCl2 Does Not Impact Erythro-Megakaryopoiesis in DBA/2 Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Type | Abbreviation | Gating Strategy |
---|---|---|
Erythrocyte-megakaryocyte progenitors | EMPs | Lin−c-KithiScal-1−CD41−CD150+CD105− |
Burst-forming unit-erythroid progenitors | BFU-Es | Lin−c-KithiScal-1−CD41−CD150+CD105+ |
Colony-forming unit-erythroid progenitors | CFU-Es | Lin−c-KithiScal-1−CD41−CD150−CD105+ |
Megakaryocyte progenitors | MkPs | Lin−c-KithiScal-1−CD41+ |
Erythroblast 1 | E1 | CD71+Ter119− |
Erythroblast 2 | E2 | CD71+Ter119+ |
Erythroblast 3 | E3 | CD71−Ter119+ |
Genes | Primers | |
---|---|---|
Forward | Reverse | |
cdk2 | 5′-CTCTCACGGGCATTCCTCTTC-3′ | 5′-CCCTCTGCATTGATAAGCAGG-3′ |
cdk4 | 5′-AAGGTCACCCTAGTGTTTGAGC-3′ | 5′-CCGCTTAGAAACTGACGCATTAG-3′ |
epo | 5′-CATCTGCGACAGTCGAGTTCTG-3′ | 5′-CACAACCCATCGTGACATTTTC-3′ |
epor | 5′- GGACCCTCTCATCTTGACGC-3′ | 5′- CTTGGGATGCCAGGCCAGAT-3′ |
β-actin | 5′-GGACTTCGAGCAAGAGATGG-3′ | 5′-AGCACTGTGTTGGCGTACAG-3′ |
Treatment | Dose | B10.S | DBA/2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood (μg/L, ppb) | BM (μg/kg protein, ppb) | Blood (μg/L, ppb) | BM (μg/kg protein, ppb) | |||
H2O | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
HgCl2 (μM) | 10 | 26.5 ± 4.3 | ND | – | – | |
50 | 242.5 ± 34.2 | 2500.0 ± 800.0 | 487.2 ± 65.2 | 2200.0 ± 600.0 |
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He, J.; Zhao, Y.; Zhu, T.; Xue, P.; Zheng, W.; Yao, Y.; Qu, W.; Jia, X.; Lu, R.; He, M.; et al. Mercury Chloride Impacts on the Development of Erythrocytes and Megakaryocytes in Mice. Toxics 2021, 9, 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100252
He J, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Xue P, Zheng W, Yao Y, Qu W, Jia X, Lu R, He M, et al. Mercury Chloride Impacts on the Development of Erythrocytes and Megakaryocytes in Mice. Toxics. 2021; 9(10):252. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100252
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Jinyi, Yifan Zhao, Tingting Zhu, Peng Xue, Weiwei Zheng, Ye Yao, Weidong Qu, Xiaodong Jia, Rongzhu Lu, Miao He, and et al. 2021. "Mercury Chloride Impacts on the Development of Erythrocytes and Megakaryocytes in Mice" Toxics 9, no. 10: 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100252