Differences in Reproductive Behavior between Spawning and Non-Spawning Zebrafish Pairs and the Effects of 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Reproductive Behavior in Spawning and Non-Spawning Zebrafish Pairs
2.2. Effect of 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2)
2.3. Temporal and Frequency Distributions
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Behavior Components | −Spawning (n = 59) | +Spawning (n = 30) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Total path (m) Males Total path (m) Females | 304 ± 7.46 209 ± 8.03 | 339 ± 8.12 259 ± 8.52 | 0.005 <0.001 |
Max velocity (mm·s−1) Males Max velocity (mm·s−1) Females | 738 ± 21.5 537 ± 23.9 | 709 ± 23.7 466 ± 29.2 | 0.403 0.077 |
Average velocity (mm·s−1) Males Average velocity (mm·s−1) Females | 117 ± 2.72 87 ± 2.59 | 127 ± 3.30 100 ± 2.97 | 0.017 0.009 |
Turn rate·s−1 (degrees) Males Turn rate·s−1 (degrees) Females | 407 ± 10.0 444 ± 13.6 | 542 ± 18.6 507 ± 21.7 | <0.001 0.012 |
Turn bias·s−1 (degrees) Males Turn bias·s−1 (degrees) Females | −1.23 ± 1.01 −1.59 ± 1.37 | −3.39 ± 1.59 −1.18 ± 1.96 | 0.237 0.863 |
Time in spawning area (s) Males Time in spawning area (s) Females | 544 ± 28.6 430 ± 34.7 | 762 ± 75.7 669 ± 74.3 | 0.002 0.001 |
Path in spawning area M (m) Males Path in spawning area F (m) Females | 59.5 ± 2.76 42.0 ± 2.44 | 88.2 ± 7.89 68.4 ± 6.90 | <0.001 <0.001 |
Visits to spawning area Males Visits to spawning area Females | 340 ± 14.3 241 ± 13.2 | 390 ± 27.2 286 ± 24.4 | 0.074 0.082 |
Number of contacts between male and female | 1026 ± 55.3 | 1711 ± 85.5 | <0.001 |
Total time (s) of contact between male and female | 454 ± 36.6 | 746 ± 69.2 | <0.001 |
Average distance (mm) between male and female | 73.4 ± 2.52 | 47.7 ± 3.28 | <0.001 |
Behavior Components | −Spawning (n = 47) | +Spawning (n = 14) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Total path (m) Males Total path (m) Females | 293 ± 8.26 181 ± 8.92 | 335 ± 7.41 252 ± 7.53 | 0.009 <0.001 |
Max velocity (mm·s−1) Males Max velocity (mm·s−1) Females | 742 ± 19.8 397 ± 19.0 | 632 ± 38.7 415 ± 51.4 | 0.011 0.700 |
Average velocity (mm·s−1) Males Average velocity (mm·s−1) Females | 115 ± 3.19 79.3 ± 3.10 | 125 ± 2.80 96.4 ± 1.67 | 0.098 0.005 |
Turn rate·s−1 (degrees) Males Turn rate·s−1 (degrees) Females | 423 ± 11.1 437 ± 16.6 | 555 ± 30.1 487 ± 28.0 | <0.001 0.145 |
Turn bias·s−1 (degrees) Males Turn bias·s−1 (degrees) Females | −3.23 ± 1.35 −1.98 ± 1.30 | −0.44 ± 3.64 1.61 ± 2.67 | 0.380 0.203 |
Time in spawning area (s) Males Time in spawning area (s) Females | 544 ± 46.1 436 ± 56.1 | 791 ± 88.7 639 ± 82.4 | 0.014 0.076 |
Path in spawning area M (m) Males Path in spawning area F (m) Females | 58.7 ± 4.72 35.3 ± 4.04 | 92.7 ± 8.96 65.2 ± 9.08 | 0.001 0.006 |
Visits to spawning area Males Visits to spawning area Females | 304 ± 13.6 189 ± 11.9 | 387 ± 19.3 276 ± 23.1 | 0.003 0.001 |
Number of contacts between male and female | 959 ± 72.8 | 1816 ± 128 | <0.001 |
Total time (s) of contact between male and female | 466 ± 44.8 | 785 ± 85.9 | 0.001 |
Average distance (mm) between male and female | 74.6 ± 3.04 | 44.5 ± 4.39 | <0.001 |
Behavior Components | 0 ng·L−1 (n = 59) | 1.26 ng·L−1 (n = 47) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Total path (m) Males Total path (m) Females | 304 ± 7 256 ± 13 | 293 ± 8 194 ± 10 | 0.329 <0.001 |
Max velocity (mm·s−1) Males Max velocity (mm·s−1) Females | 738 ± 22 1179 ± 72 | 742 ± 20 779 ± 67 | 0.901 <0.001 |
Average velocity (mm·s−1) Males Average velocity (mm·s−1) Females | 113 ± 3 105 ± 4 | 110 ± 3 83 ± 3 | 0.504 <0.001 |
Turn rate·s−1 (degrees) Males Turn rate·s−1 (degrees) Females | 394 ± 9 349 ± 12 | 407 ± 11 317 ± 12 | 0.346 0.070 |
Turn bias·s−1 (degrees) Males Turn bias·s−1 (degrees) Females | −1.22 ± 0.98 −1.80 ± 1.16 | −3.19 ± 1.30 −2.07 ± 1.17 | 0.231 0.873 |
Time in spawning area (s) Males Time in spawning area (s) Females | 621 ± 30 426 ± 20 | 609 ± 44 382 ± 29 | 0.828 0.221 |
Path in spawning area M (m) Males Path in spawning area F (m) Females | 67 ± 3 35 ± 2 | 64 ± 5 25 ± 2 | 0.596 <0.001 |
Visits to spawning area Males Visits to spawning area Females | 642 ± 23 313 ± 17 | 626 ± 28 241 ± 16 | 0.653 0.002 |
Number of contacts between male and female | 1309 ± 55 | 1081 ± 45 | 0.002 |
Total time (s) of contact between male and female | 743 ± 42 | 787 ± 55 | 0.531 |
Average distance (mm) between male and female | 73 ± 3 | 75 ± 3 | 0.717 |
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Henriksen, P.G.; Beedholm, K.; Baatrup, E. Differences in Reproductive Behavior between Spawning and Non-Spawning Zebrafish Pairs and the Effects of 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2). Toxics 2016, 4, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4030022
Henriksen PG, Beedholm K, Baatrup E. Differences in Reproductive Behavior between Spawning and Non-Spawning Zebrafish Pairs and the Effects of 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2). Toxics. 2016; 4(3):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4030022
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenriksen, Per G., Kristian Beedholm, and Erik Baatrup. 2016. "Differences in Reproductive Behavior between Spawning and Non-Spawning Zebrafish Pairs and the Effects of 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2)" Toxics 4, no. 3: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4030022
APA StyleHenriksen, P. G., Beedholm, K., & Baatrup, E. (2016). Differences in Reproductive Behavior between Spawning and Non-Spawning Zebrafish Pairs and the Effects of 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2). Toxics, 4(3), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4030022