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Volume 13
Issue 10
10.3390/toxics13100871
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Fenton Oxidation-Based Integrated Strategy for the Treatment of Raw Gasoline Alkali Residue in Kashi

by
Yucai Zhang
1,
Xianghao Zha
1,
Zhuo Zhang
2,*,
Yangyang Guo
1,
Shuying Yang
1,
Haonan Qiu
1 and
Zhiwei Li
3,*
1
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
2
Kezilsu Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Atushi 845350, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2025, 13(10), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13100871 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 September 2025 / Revised: 1 October 2025 / Accepted: 13 October 2025 / Published: 13 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology and Principle of Removing Pollutants in Water)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Gasoline alkali residue raw liquid, a kind of highly toxicity containing organic waste generated during petroleum refining, is characterized by its complex composition, high pollutant levels, and significant emission volume. The effective treatment of this wastewater remains a considerable challenge in environmental engineering. This study systematically investigates the degradation efficiency and mechanism of Fenton oxidation in reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of raw gasoline alkali residue sourced from Kashi. The effects of H2O2 concentration and the H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio on COD and TOC removal were examined. Results demonstrated that the COD and TOC removal efficiency exhibited an initial decrease followed by an increase with rising concentrations of Fe2+ and H2O2. Comparative assessment of different combined Fenton processes revealed distinct mechanistic differences among the composite oxidation systems. The integration of pretreatment with UV-Fenton oxidation was identified as the optimal strategy. Under optimal conditions (pH = 3.0, H2O2 concentration = 1.0 mol/L, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio = 5:0.10), the COD was reduced from 25,041 mg/L to 543 mg/L, achieving a COD removal rate of 97.8%. This study elucidates the reaction mechanism of the Fenton system in treating alkali residue and provides a theoretical foundation for the advanced treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater.
Keywords: gasoline alkali residue; fenton’s reagent; chemical oxygen demand; wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation technology gasoline alkali residue; fenton’s reagent; chemical oxygen demand; wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation technology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Y.; Zha, X.; Zhang, Z.; Guo, Y.; Yang, S.; Qiu, H.; Li, Z. A Fenton Oxidation-Based Integrated Strategy for the Treatment of Raw Gasoline Alkali Residue in Kashi. Toxics 2025, 13, 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13100871

AMA Style

Zhang Y, Zha X, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Yang S, Qiu H, Li Z. A Fenton Oxidation-Based Integrated Strategy for the Treatment of Raw Gasoline Alkali Residue in Kashi. Toxics. 2025; 13(10):871. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13100871

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Yucai, Xianghao Zha, Zhuo Zhang, Yangyang Guo, Shuying Yang, Haonan Qiu, and Zhiwei Li. 2025. "A Fenton Oxidation-Based Integrated Strategy for the Treatment of Raw Gasoline Alkali Residue in Kashi" Toxics 13, no. 10: 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13100871

APA Style

Zhang, Y., Zha, X., Zhang, Z., Guo, Y., Yang, S., Qiu, H., & Li, Z. (2025). A Fenton Oxidation-Based Integrated Strategy for the Treatment of Raw Gasoline Alkali Residue in Kashi. Toxics, 13(10), 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13100871

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