Effects of Cyfluthrin Exposure on Neurobehaviour, Hippocampal Tissue and Synaptic Plasticity in Wistar Rats
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Material and Method
2.1. Experimental Reagent and Dose Selection
2.2. Animals
2.3. Tissue Sampling
2.4. Neurobehavioural Tests
2.4.1. Open Field Experiment
2.4.2. Novel Object Recognition Test
2.4.3. Elevated plus Maze Test
2.4.4. Morris Water Maze Test
2.5. HE/Nissl Staining
2.6. Immunohistochemistry
2.7. Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.8. Western Blot
2.9. Q-PCR
2.10. ATP/Glu Test
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Changes in Rats Exposed to Cy
3.2. Changes in Learning and Memory Ability in Cy-Exposed Rats
3.2.1. Open Field Experiment
3.2.2. Novel Object Recognition Test
3.2.3. Elevated plus Maze Test
3.2.4. Morris Water Maze Test
- (1)
- Positioning navigation phase
- (2)
- Spatial exploration phase
3.3. Hippocampal Neuron Injury in Rats Exposed to Cy
3.3.1. HE Staining
3.3.2. Nissl Staining
3.3.3. Electron Microscopy
3.4. Impairment of Hippocampal Neuron Plasticity Induced by Cy Exposure in Rats
3.5. Changes in the Levels of Inflammatory Factors and A2AR-Related Factors in the Neurons of Rats Exposed to Cy
3.5.1. Expression of Inflammatory Factors in the Hippocampus of Cy-Exposed Rats
3.5.2. Expression of A2AR in the Hippocampus of Cy-Exposed Rats
3.6. Correlation Analysis of A2AR with Neurobehavioural Indices, Inflammatory Factors Levels and Synaptic Plasticity-Related Factor Levels
4. Discussion
4.1. Cy Exposure Can Cause Neurobehavioural Changes in Rats
4.2. Cy Exposure Can Cause Morphological Changes in the Rat Hippocampus
4.3. Cy Exposure Can Cause Abnormal Changes in the Inflammatory Response and Adenosine A2AR Expression in the Rat Hippocampus
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Cy | Cyfluthrin |
A2AR | Adenosine2a receptor |
ATP | Adenosine tri phosphate |
Glu | Glutamate |
Q-PCR | Real-time Quantitative PCR |
HE | Hematoxylin-eosin |
ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
References
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Antibody Name | Company |
---|---|
Rabbit Anti-A2AR (ab3461) | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) |
Rabbit Anti-PSD-95 (ab76115) | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) |
Rabbit Anti-SYP (ab32127) | Abcam (Cambridge, UK) |
Rabbit Anti-IL-6 | Affinity (Boston, MA, USA) |
Rabbit Anti-TNF-α | Affinity (Boston, MA, USA) |
Rabbit Anti-GAPDH | Bioss (Beijing, China) |
Forward Primer | Reverse Primer | Species | |
---|---|---|---|
A2AR | GAAAGACGGGAACTCCACGAAGAC | GGCAGTAACACGAACGCAAAGAAG | Rat |
PSD-95 | TCCAGTCTGTGCGAGAGGTAGC | GGACGGATGAAGATGGCGATGG | Rat |
SYP | GCTGTGTTTGCCTTCCTCTACTC | TGATAATGTTCTCTGGGTCCGTG | Rat |
IL-6 | ACTTCCAGCCAGTTGCCTTCTTG | TGGTCTGTTGTGGGTGGTATCCTC | Rat |
TNF-α | AAAGGACACCATGAGCACGGAAAG | CGCCACGAGCAGGAATGAGAAG | Rat |
Experimental Category | Indicators | Pearson Correlation Coefficient r | p |
---|---|---|---|
Open field test | |||
Time spent in the central zone | 0.7154 | <0.001 | |
Grooming time | −0.6354 | 0.001 | |
Number of rearings | −0.4381 | 0.032 | |
Number of grid crossings | −0.5682 | 0.004 | |
Novel object recognition test | |||
Discrimination index | −0.6896 | <0.001 | |
Elevated plus maze test | |||
Time spent in the open arms | −0.375 | 0.071 | |
Number of open-arm entries | −0.4633 | 0.023 | |
Water maze test | |||
Average escape latency | 0.7000 | <0.001 | |
Time spent in the target quadrant | −0.6044 | 0.002 | |
Number of platform crossings | −0.6364 | 0.001 | |
Inflammation-related factors | |||
IL-6 | 0.8612 | <0.001 | |
TNF | 0.8433 | 0.001 | |
Synaptic plasticity-related factors | |||
PSD-95 | −0.6377 | 0.026 | |
SYP | −0.7935 | 0.002 |
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Xie, Y.; Zhao, J.; Li, X.; Sun, J.; Yang, H. Effects of Cyfluthrin Exposure on Neurobehaviour, Hippocampal Tissue and Synaptic Plasticity in Wistar Rats. Toxics 2023, 11, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120999
Xie Y, Zhao J, Li X, Sun J, Yang H. Effects of Cyfluthrin Exposure on Neurobehaviour, Hippocampal Tissue and Synaptic Plasticity in Wistar Rats. Toxics. 2023; 11(12):999. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120999
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Yongxin, Ji Zhao, Xiaoyu Li, Jian Sun, and Huifang Yang. 2023. "Effects of Cyfluthrin Exposure on Neurobehaviour, Hippocampal Tissue and Synaptic Plasticity in Wistar Rats" Toxics 11, no. 12: 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120999