Chromosome Damage in Relation to Recent Radiation Exposure and Radiation Quality in Nuclear Power Plant Workers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Chromosome Aberration Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bonassi, S.; Abbondandolo, A.; Camurri, L.; Dal Prá, L.; De Ferrari, M.; Degrassi, F.; Forni, A.; Lamberti, L.; Lando, C.; Padovani, P. Are chromosome aberrations in circulating lymphocytes predictive of future cancer onset in humans? Preliminary results of an Italian cohort study. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 1995, 79, 133–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hagmar, L.; Brøgger, A.; Hansteen, I.-L.; Heim, S.; Högstedt, B.; Knudsen, L.; Lambert, B.; Linnainmaa, K.; Mitelman, F.; Nordenson, I. Cancer risk in humans predicted by increased levels of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes: Nordic study group on the health risk of chromosome damage. Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 2919–2922. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Liou, S.-H.; Lung, J.-C.; Chen, Y.-H.; Yang, T.; Hsieh, L.-L.; Chen, C.-J.; Wu, T.-N. Increased chromosome-type chromosome aberration frequencies as biomarkers of cancer risk in a blackfoot endemic area. Cancer Res. 1999, 59, 1481–1484. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Rossner, P.; Boffetta, P.; Ceppi, M.; Bonassi, S.; Smerhovsky, Z.; Landa, K.; Juzova, D.; Šrám, R.J. Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of healthy subjects and risk of cancer. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005, 113, 517–520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kaplan, M.I.; Limoli, C.L.; Morgan, W.F. Perpetuating radiation-induced chromosomal instability. Radiat. Oncol. Investig. Clin. Basic Res. 1997, 5, 124–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sasaki, M.S.; Miyata, H. Biological dosimetry in atomic bomb survivors. Nature 1968, 220, 1189–1193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bonassi, S.; Norppa, H.; Ceppi, M.; Strömberg, U.; Vermeulen, R.; Znaor, A.; Cebulska-Wasilewska, A.; Fabianova, E.; Fucic, A.; Gundy, S. Chromosomal aberration frequency in lymphocytes predicts the risk of cancer: Results from a pooled cohort study of 22 358 subjects in 11 countries. Carcinogenesis 2008, 29, 1178–1183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Fucic, A.; Bonassi, S.; Gundy, S.; Lazutka, J.; Sram, R.; Ceppi, M.; Lucas, J.N. Frequency of acentric fragments are associated with cancer risk in subjects exposed to ionizing radiation. Anticancer. Res. 2016, 36, 2451–2457. [Google Scholar]
- Carrano, A.; Natarajan, A. International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC publication no. 14. Considerations for population monitoring using cytogenetic techniques. Mutat. Res. 1988, 204, 379–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, S.; Liu, X.; Jiao, B.; Yang, Y.; Liu, X. Low-dose radiation-induced responses: Focusing on epigenetic regulation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2010, 86, 517–528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Evans, H.; Buckton, K.; Hamilton, G.; Carothers, A. Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in nuclear-dockyard workers. Nature 1979, 277, 531–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Balakrishnan, S.; Rao, S.B. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of occupational workers exposed to low levels of ionising radiation. Mutat. Res./Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 1999, 442, 37–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lindholm, C. Stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations among Finnish nuclear power plant workers. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2001, 93, 143–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maffei, F.; Angelini, S.; Forti, G.C.; Lodi, V.; Violante, F.S.; Mattioli, S.; Hrelia, P. Micronuclei frequencies in hospital workers occupationally exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation: Influence of smoking status and other factors. Mutagenesis 2002, 17, 405–409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Publ, I. 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP 2008, 37, 2–4. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, B.-I.; Kim, S.-I.; Suh, D.-H.; Jin, Y.-W.; Kim, J.-I.; Choi, H.; Lim, Y.-K. Radiation dose distribution for workers in South Korean nuclear power plants. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2010, 140, 202–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Manual, A. Cytogenetic analysis for radiation dose assessment. Tech. Rep. Ser.-Int. At. Energy Agency, 2001. Available online: https://www.iaea.org/publications/6303/cytogenetic-analysis-for-radiation-dose-assessment(accessed on 16 January 2022).
- Perry, P.; Wolff, S. New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids. Nature 1974, 251, 156–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Erdoğan, G.; Aksoy, M. Cytogenetic studies in thirteen patients with pancytopenia and leukaemia associated with long-term exposure to benzene. New Istanb. Contrib. Clin. Sci. 1973, 10, 230–247. [Google Scholar]
- Chung, H.W.; Ryu, E.K.; Kim, Y.J.; Ha, S.W. Chromosome aberrations in workers of nuclear-power plants. Mutat. Res./Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 1996, 350, 307–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Braselmann, H.; Schmid, E.; Bauchinger, M. Chromosome aberrations in nuclear power plant workers: The influence of dose accumulation and lymphocyte life-time. Mutat. Res. /Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 1994, 306, 197–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baudin, C.; Bernier, M.-O.; Klokov, D.; Andreassi, M.G. Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bauchinger, M.; Kolin-Gerresheim, J.; Schmid, E.; Dresp, J. Chromosome analyses of nuclear-power plant workers. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. Relat. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med. 1980, 38, 577–581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramsey, M.J.; Moore II, D.H.; Briner, J.F.; Lee, D.A.; Olsen, L.A.; Senft, J.R.; Tucker, J.D. The effects of age and lifestyle factors on the accumulation of cytogenetic damage as measured by chromosome painting. Mutat. Res./DNAging 1995, 338, 95–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rozgaj, R.; Kašuba, V.; Šimić, D. The frequency of dicentrics and acentrics and the incidence of rogue cells in radiation workers. Mutagen. 2002, 17, 135–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hadjidekova, V.B.; Bulanova, M.; Bonassi, S.; Neri, M. Micronucleus frequency is increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes of nuclear power plant workers. Radiat. Res. 2003, 160, 684–690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Montoro, A.; Sebastià, N.; Candela-Juan, C.; Barquinero, J.F.; Soriano, J.M.; Almonacid, M.; Alonso, O.; Guasp, M.; Marques-Sule, E.; Cervera, J. Frequency of dicentrics and contamination levels in Ukrainian children and adolescents from areas near Chernobyl 20 years after the nuclear plant accident. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2013, 89, 944–949. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- George, K.; Wu, H.; Willingham, V.; Cucinotta, F.A. Analysis of complex-type chromosome exchanges in astronauts’ lymphocytes after space flight as a biomarker of high-LET exposure. J. Radiat. Res. 2002, 43, S129–S132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- TESTARD, B.D.; SABATIER, I.L. Chromosomal aberrations induced in human lymphocytes by high-LET irradiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1997, 72, 423–433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tanaka, K.; Gajendiran, N.; Endo, S.; Komatsu, K.; Hoshi, M.; Kamada, N. Neutron energy-dependent initial DNA damage and chromosomal exchange. J. Radiat. Res. 1999, 40, S36–S44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Bochkov, N.; Katosova, L. Analysis of multiaberrant cells in lymphocytes of persons living in different ecological regions. Mutat. Res. Lett. 1994, 323, 7–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balajee, A.S.; Hadjidekova, V. Retrospective cytogenetic analysis of unstable and stable chromosome aberrations in the victims of radiation accident in Bulgaria. Mutat. Res./Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 2021, 861, 503295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hande, M.P.; Azizova, T.V.; Burak, L.E.; Khokhryakov, V.F.; Geard, C.R.; Brenner, D.J. Complex chromosome aberrations persist in individuals many years after occupational exposure to densely ionizing radiation: An mFISH study. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 2005, 44, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Raap, A.; Tanke, H. Combined binary ratio fluorescence in situ hybridiziation (COBRA-FISH): Development and applications. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2006, 114, 222–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Livingston, G.K.; Ryan, T.L.; Smith, T.L.; Escalona, M.B.; Foster, A.E.; Balajee, A.S. Detection of simple, complex, and clonal chromosome translocations induced by internal radioiodine exposure: A cytogenetic follow-up case study after 25 years. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2019, 159, 169–181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Variables | No. of Subjects (%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Controls | Workers | ||
Number | 59 | 201 | |
Age (mean ± SD, years) | 41.4 ± 10.0 | 47.2 ± 6.0 | 0.001 a |
≤50 | 47 (79.7) | 135 (67.2) | 0.07 b |
>50 | 12 (20.3) | 66 (32.8) | |
Smoking status (mean ± SD, pack-years) | 14.6 ± 13.5 | 12.6 ± 11.3 | 0.52 a |
Never smoker | 26 (44.1) | 49 (24.4) | 0.001 b |
Currently smoking | 28 (47.5) | 78 (38.8) | |
Ex-smoker | 5 (8.5) | 74 (36.8) | |
Alcohol intake | |||
No | 22 (37.3) | 39 (19.4) | 0.01 b |
Yes | 37 (62.7) | 162 (80.6) | |
Duration of employment (mean ± SD, years) | - | 19.9 ± 6.2 | |
≤20 | - | 99 (49.3) | |
20–25 | - | 75 (37.3) | |
>25 | - | 27 (13.4) | |
Dosimetry radiation dose | |||
Recent 1.5-year (mean ± SD, mSv) | - | 8.23 ± 7.01 | |
Recent 5.5-year (mean ± SD, mSv) | - | 30.68 ± 22.01 | |
Cumulative dose (mean ± SD, mSv) | - | 158.78 ± 86.05 |
Types of Chromosome Aberration | Controls | Workers | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean/500 Cells | SEM | Range | Mean/500 Cells | SEM | Range | p-Value | |
Number | 59 | 201 | |||||
Chromatid-type deletion | 3.59 | 0.32 | 0–12 | 5.38 | 0.19 | 0–17 | <0.001 * |
Chromatid-type exchange | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0–2 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0–1 | 0.131 |
Chromosome-type deletion | 0.41 | 0.10 | 0–3 | 2.02 | 0.14 | 0–14 | <0.001 * |
Chromosome-exchange | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0–2 | 0.94 | 0.07 | 0–6 | <0.001 * |
Total aberration | 4.22 | 0.35 | 0–13 | 8.42 | 0.26 | 1–25 | <0.001 * |
Outcome | Variable | β Coefficient | 95% C.L. | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chromosome-type aberration | Age (in years) | −0.002 | −0.060, 0.016 | 0.722 |
Smoking status (0,1) 1 | 0.080 | −0.135, 0.294 | 0.467 | |
Alcohol intake (0,1) 2 | −0.018 | −0.271, 0.234 | 0.887 | |
Total cumulative Dose(mSV) | −0.001 | −0.0024, 0.003 | 0.126 | |
Chromosome-type aberration | Age | −0.002 | −0.060, 0.016 | 0.831 |
Smoking (0,1) 1 | 0.090 | −0.124, 0.303 | 0.411 | |
Alcohol (0,1) 2 | −0.020 | −0.272, 0.231 | 0.874 | |
Recent 1.5-y Dose(mSV) | 0.008 | 0.0014, 0.032 | 0.032 |
Outcome | Variable | RR | 95% C.L. | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of multi-aberrant cells | Age (in years) | 1.00 | 0.92, 1.03 | 0.351 |
Smoking status (0,1) 1 | 1.00 | 0.51, 2.00 | 0.981 | |
Alcohol intake (0,1) 2 | 1.35 | 0.58, 3.07 | 0.503 | |
Neutron exposure (mSv) | ||||
<1 | reference | |||
1≤–<10 | 1.02 | 0.53, 1.98 | 0.947 | |
≥10 | 1.67 | 0.37, 7.48 | 0.502 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kim, Y.J.; Lee, J.W.; Cho, Y.H.; Choi, Y.J.; Lee, Y.; Chung, H.W. Chromosome Damage in Relation to Recent Radiation Exposure and Radiation Quality in Nuclear Power Plant Workers. Toxics 2022, 10, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10020094
Kim YJ, Lee JW, Cho YH, Choi YJ, Lee Y, Chung HW. Chromosome Damage in Relation to Recent Radiation Exposure and Radiation Quality in Nuclear Power Plant Workers. Toxics. 2022; 10(2):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10020094
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Yang Jee, Joong Won Lee, Yoon Hee Cho, Young Joo Choi, Younghyun Lee, and Hai Won Chung. 2022. "Chromosome Damage in Relation to Recent Radiation Exposure and Radiation Quality in Nuclear Power Plant Workers" Toxics 10, no. 2: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10020094