Exploring the Interplay Between Green Practices, Resilience, and Viability in Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review

Background: In this new era, marked by increasing environmental concerns, geopolitical crises, and global disruptions, traditional efficiency-focused supply chains have shown significant vulnerabilities. As a result, the shift toward new strategies to maintain sustainability has become more crucial. Meanwhile, to withstand disruptions, supply chains must develop robustness and resilience. More recently, attention has turned toward viability to enable sustainable supply chain operations over the long term under uncertainty. Methods: This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore the links between green supply chain management (GSCM), supply chain resilience (SCRES), and supply chain viability (SCV), guided by the PRISMA framework and structured using the PICO approach as a high-level scoping tool. We reviewed 70 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2024. Result: The study identified widely adopted green practices and explored their impact on supply chain resilience and sustainable performance. Many studies address GSCM, SCRES, and SCV either separately or in pairs, but few integrate all three dimensions. GSCM fosters resilience, and when the three aspects are combined, they serve as the cornerstones of viable supply chains. However, their potential contribution to supply chain viability is still unexplored. Conclusions: These insights provide useful guidance for creating supply chains that balance long-term continuity, disruption-readiness, and environmental goals. They also suggest a future research agenda to better align these three priorities.