Applying Nutrient Profiling Systems to Packaged Foods and Drinks Sold in Jamaica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection of Packaged Beverage and Food Products
2.2. Application of the PAHO and Chile Stage III Nutrient Profiling Systems
2.3. Descriptive Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Products with Excess Nutrients of Concern
3.2. Determining Sources of Differences across NPS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profiling System [13] (2016) | Chile Stage III [17] (Implemented in 2019) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Liquids | Solids | ||
Products covered by nutrient thresholds | Any item that is processed, identified by the presence of added sweetener, salt, saturated fat, in ingredients list | Any packaged product with added ingredients representing added sugar, saturated fat, sodium/salt. | |
Exclusion criteria | Culinary ingredients or single ingredient items | Infant formula, medical use and weight control products, fast foods, bulk/unpackaged foods, prepared meals. | |
Sugar | Added sugar and free sugar is ≥10% of calories | Total sugar ≥5 g/100 mL | Total sugar ≥10 g/100 g |
Saturated Fat | ≥10% of calories | ≥3 g/100 mL | ≥4 g/100 g |
Sodium | ≥1 mg sodium: 1 kcal | ≥100 mg/100 mL | ≥400 mg/100 g |
Calories | N/A; used as base for other nutrients | ≥70 kcal/100 mL | ≥275 kcal/100 g |
Total Fat | ≥30% of calories | Not applicable (not a nutrient of concern considered) | |
Trans Fat | ≥1% of calories | Not applicable (not a nutrient of concern considered) | |
Low-caloric sweeteners | Presence | N/A, but Chile regulations require amounts of low-caloric sweeteners to listed on Nutrition Facts Panel |
Pairwise Correlation Coefficients | Difference in % with Excess Nutrient (PAHO %–Chile %) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any Nutrient in Excess | Number of Nutrients in Excess | High in Sugar | High in Saturated Fat | High in Sodium | Only One Nutrient in Excess | Two or Three Nutrients in Excess | Four or More Nutrients in Excess | |
Beverages | 0.638 | 0.309 | 11.3 ** | 2.3 ** | 15.1 ** | 16.2 ** | 7.3 ** | 0.2 |
Foods | 0.592 | 0.539 | 7.8 ** | 5.9 ** | 9.1 ** | 9.9 ** | 6.1 ** | 1.7 ** |
All | 0.614 | 0.56 | 8.8 ** | 4.9 ** | 10.8 ** | 11.6 ** | 6.5 ** | 1.3 ** |
Any Excess NOCs under PAHO and Chile | Excess NOCs under PAHO but Not Chile | No Excess NOCs under Both | |
---|---|---|---|
Beverages | N = 878 | N = 214 | N = 223 |
Calories kcal per 100 mL (mean, SE) | 61.74 (1.99) | 26.21 (1.82) | 48.78 (1.41) |
Sugar g per 100 mL (mean, SE) | 23.57 (1.38) | 30.34 (2.59) | 11.38 (0.74) |
Calories from Sugar (%) | 89% | 56% | 81.9% |
Contains artificial sweetener (%) | 17% | 46.3% | 2.2% |
Total fat g per 100 mL (mean, SE) | 0.61 (0.10) | 1.05 (0.19) | 0.36 (0.12) |
Calories from Total Fat (%) | 6% | 31.6% | 7.4% |
Saturated fat g per 100 mL (mean, SE) | 0.19 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.10) | 0.16 (0.07) |
Calories from Saturated Fat (%) | 1% | 8.7% | 1.4% |
Sodium mg per 100 mL (mean, SE) | 28.00 (2.50) | 33.29 (6.85) | 12.06 (1.11) |
Sodium: kcal ratio (mean, SE) | 0.59 (0.06) | 2.25 (0.31) | 0.28 (0.03) |
Foods | N = 2709 | N = 374 | N = 310 |
Calories kcal per 100 g (mean, SE) | 304.29 (3.52) | 102.72 (4.48) | 212.33 (8.94) |
Sugar g per 100 g (mean, SE) | 19.84 (0.41) | 3.38 (0.16) | 5.62 (0.87) |
Calories from Sugar (%) | 30% | 21.1% | 11.9% |
Contains artificial sweetener (%) | 3% | 9.1% | 16.1% |
Total fat g per 100 g (mean, SE) | 12.66 (0.31) | 3.42 (0.36) | 2.42 (0.34) |
Calories from Total Fat (%) | 30% | 18.8% | 9.2% |
Saturated fat g per 100 g (mean, SE) | 4.31 (0.11) | 0.86 (0.14) | 0.87 (0.21) |
Calories from Saturated Fat (%) | 10% | 4.3% | 3.6% |
Sodium mg per 100 g (mean, SE) | 1358.39 (66.59) | 263.48 (9.81) | 247.87 (84.36) |
Sodium: kcal ratio (mean, SE) | 6.66 (0.42) | 3.91 (0.17) | 0.58 (0.16) |
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Soares-Wynter, S.; Aiken-Hemming, S.-A.; Hollingsworth, B.; Miles, D.R.; Ng, S.W. Applying Nutrient Profiling Systems to Packaged Foods and Drinks Sold in Jamaica. Foods 2020, 9, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9010065
Soares-Wynter S, Aiken-Hemming S-A, Hollingsworth B, Miles DR, Ng SW. Applying Nutrient Profiling Systems to Packaged Foods and Drinks Sold in Jamaica. Foods. 2020; 9(1):65. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9010065
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoares-Wynter, Suzanne, Stacey-Ann Aiken-Hemming, Bridget Hollingsworth, Donna R. Miles, and Shu Wen Ng. 2020. "Applying Nutrient Profiling Systems to Packaged Foods and Drinks Sold in Jamaica" Foods 9, no. 1: 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9010065