Quali-Quantitative Profile of Native Carotenoids in Kumquat from Brazil by HPLC-DAD-APCI/MS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Collection and Preparation of the Samples
2.3. Moisture Analysis
2.4. Extraction of Carotenoids
2.5. Analysis of Carotenoids by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS
2.6. Identification and Quantification of Carotenoids
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Carotenoids Qualitative Profile of Brazilian Kumquat
3.2. Carotenoids Quantitative Profile of Brazilian Kumquat
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | Identification | Rt (min) | PDA (λnm) | MS (APCI-) m/z |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lutein | 18.5 | 445, 473 | 568 |
2 | Zeaxanthin | 20.2 | 449, 476 | 568 |
3 | β-cryptoxanthin | 28.4 | 428, 451, 478 | 552 |
4 | β-citraurin-caproate | 29.9 | 454 | 586 |
5 | β-citraurin-laurate | 32.8 | 455 | 614 |
6 | β-citraurin-myristate | 36.2 | 453 | 642 |
7 | β-carotene | 38.1 | 426, 451, 476 | 536 |
8 | β-citraurin-palmitate | 40.4 | 455 | 642 |
9 | β-cryptoxanthin-laurate | 44.5 | 428, 450, 478 | 734 |
10 | β-cryptoxanthin-myristate | 47.3 | 428, 450, 477 | 762 |
11 | β-cryptoxanthin-palmitate | 50.9 | 428, 451, 478 | 790 |
Compound | Carotenoid | Content in Lyophilized Kumquat (µg/100 g) * | Content in Fresh Kumquat (µg/100 g) * | Carotenoid Composition (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lutein | 873.05 ± 93.51 | 144.35 ± 15.45 | 6.61 |
2 | Zeaxanthin | 469.55 ± 25.52 | 77.63 ± 4.21 | 3.55 |
3 | β-Cryptoxanthin | 634.93 ± 55.91 | 104.98 ± 9.25 | 4.80 |
4 | β-Citraurin-caproate | 721.81 ± 20.04 | 119.34 ± 3.32 | 5.46 |
5 | β-Citraurin-laurate | 3673.28 ± 81.78 | 607.33 ± 13.63 | 27.80 |
6 | β-Citraurin-myristate | 421.88 ± 9.52 | 69.75 ± 1.58 | 3.20 |
7 | β-Carotene | 726.96 ± 110.60 | 120.19 ± 18.29 | 5.50 |
8 | β-Citraurin-palmitate | 801.27 ± 66.35 | 132.48 ± 10.98 | 6.06 |
9 | β-Cryptoxanthin-laurate | 3342.25 ± 126.10 | 552.59 ± 20.75 | 25.31 |
10 | β-Cryptoxanthin-myristate | 927.77 ± 82.92 | 153.39 ± 13.71 | 7.02 |
11 | β-Cryptoxanthin-palmitate | 623.73 ± 46.34 | 103.13 ± 7.67 | 4.72 |
Total carotenes | 726.96 | 120.19 | 5.50 | |
Total free xanthophylls | 1977.53 | 326.96 | 14.96 | |
Total esterified xanthophylls | 10511.99 | 1738.01 | 79.54 | |
Total carotenoids | 13,216.48 | 2185.16 | 100 |
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Pinheiro-Sant’Ana, H.M.; Anunciação, P.C.; Souza, C.S.e.; de Paula Filho, G.X.; Salvo, A.; Dugo, G.; Giuffrida, D. Quali-Quantitative Profile of Native Carotenoids in Kumquat from Brazil by HPLC-DAD-APCI/MS. Foods 2019, 8, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8050166
Pinheiro-Sant’Ana HM, Anunciação PC, Souza CSe, de Paula Filho GX, Salvo A, Dugo G, Giuffrida D. Quali-Quantitative Profile of Native Carotenoids in Kumquat from Brazil by HPLC-DAD-APCI/MS. Foods. 2019; 8(5):166. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8050166
Chicago/Turabian StylePinheiro-Sant’Ana, Helena Maria, Pamella Cristine Anunciação, Clarice Silva e Souza, Galdino Xavier de Paula Filho, Andrea Salvo, Giacomo Dugo, and Daniele Giuffrida. 2019. "Quali-Quantitative Profile of Native Carotenoids in Kumquat from Brazil by HPLC-DAD-APCI/MS" Foods 8, no. 5: 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8050166