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Volume 15
Issue 11
10.3390/foods15112042
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Article

Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Animal Feed and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance: Evidence from the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan

by
Pavel Shevchenko
,
Zhanaidar Bermukhametov
,
Albina Gabitova
,
Alma Dossova
,
Bakhit Baimenov
,
Aliya Yskak
,
Gulnaz Yermoldina
,
Oxana Tomaruk
* and
Raushan Rychshanova
*
Research Institute of Innovative Technologies, NPLC «Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University», 110000 Kostanay, Kazakhstan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2026, 15(11), 2042; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15112042 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 17 May 2026 / Revised: 23 May 2026 / Accepted: 28 May 2026 / Published: 5 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Food Quality and Safety)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The widespread use of antibacterial agents in livestock production is associated with antibiotic residues in animal products and feed, posing a potential threat to food safety and contributing to antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to assess contamination levels of beef, pork, and feed with antibiotic residues in the Kostanay region. The results demonstrated the presence of antibiotic residues in beef, pork, and feed, while all detected concentrations remained below established maximum residue limits. Despite compliance with regulatory standards, residues were detected frequently, and their levels differed significantly depending on feed type (p < 0.001). Microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in meat samples, with isolates exhibiting moderate to high antimicrobial resistance, particularly in pork. The highest resistance was observed to tetracycline, streptomycin, and thiamphenicol. The obtained data indicate that even trace antibiotic concentrations entering the "feed–animal–product" chain may be associated with selective pressure on microbiota and the circulation of resistant microorganisms. The results highlight the need for comprehensive monitoring of feed and animal products to assess and mitigate antimicrobial resistance spread within the food chain.
Keywords: antibiotic residues; animal feed; meat; antimicrobial resistance; food chain; food safety; cross-contamination antibiotic residues; animal feed; meat; antimicrobial resistance; food chain; food safety; cross-contamination

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shevchenko, P.; Bermukhametov, Z.; Gabitova, A.; Dossova, A.; Baimenov, B.; Yskak, A.; Yermoldina, G.; Tomaruk, O.; Rychshanova, R. Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Animal Feed and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance: Evidence from the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. Foods 2026, 15, 2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15112042

AMA Style

Shevchenko P, Bermukhametov Z, Gabitova A, Dossova A, Baimenov B, Yskak A, Yermoldina G, Tomaruk O, Rychshanova R. Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Animal Feed and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance: Evidence from the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. Foods. 2026; 15(11):2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15112042

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shevchenko, Pavel, Zhanaidar Bermukhametov, Albina Gabitova, Alma Dossova, Bakhit Baimenov, Aliya Yskak, Gulnaz Yermoldina, Oxana Tomaruk, and Raushan Rychshanova. 2026. "Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Animal Feed and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance: Evidence from the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan" Foods 15, no. 11: 2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15112042

APA Style

Shevchenko, P., Bermukhametov, Z., Gabitova, A., Dossova, A., Baimenov, B., Yskak, A., Yermoldina, G., Tomaruk, O., & Rychshanova, R. (2026). Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Animal Feed and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance: Evidence from the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. Foods, 15(11), 2042. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15112042

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