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Review

Recent Developments on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Detection Technologies: A Focus on Electrochemical Biosensing Technologies

by
Keletso Eunice Ipeleng
1,
Usisipho Feleni
2 and
Valentine Saasa
1,*
1
Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa (UNISA), Roodepoort 1709, South Africa
2
Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2025, 14(23), 4139; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234139
Submission received: 30 September 2025 / Revised: 19 November 2025 / Accepted: 28 November 2025 / Published: 2 December 2025

Abstract

Foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella species and Listeria monocytogenes are leading causes of foodborne illness outbreaks worldwide, posing significant public health and economic challenges. For years, culture-based methods and culture-independent methods have been widely used for pathogen detection; however, their limitations have become increasingly apparent, i.e., longer turnaround times, and they have lower specificity and selectivity. Recent innovations in molecular, immunological, spectroscopic, and biosensing technologies offer promising alternatives for rapid, sensitive, and on-site detection of these pathogens. In this review paper, we provide an overview of the conventional and emerging detection technologies for Salmonella species and Listeria monocytogenes in food matrices, and their limitations. Emphasis is placed on electrochemical biosensors for L. mono and Salmonella detection and their integration in food testing and monitoring. Finally, we conclude and discuss the future perspectives of electrochemical biosensors.
Keywords: foodborne diseases; food safety; Salmonella species; Listeria monocytogenes; biosensors; electrochemical biosensors foodborne diseases; food safety; Salmonella species; Listeria monocytogenes; biosensors; electrochemical biosensors
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ipeleng, K.E.; Feleni, U.; Saasa, V. Recent Developments on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Detection Technologies: A Focus on Electrochemical Biosensing Technologies. Foods 2025, 14, 4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234139

AMA Style

Ipeleng KE, Feleni U, Saasa V. Recent Developments on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Detection Technologies: A Focus on Electrochemical Biosensing Technologies. Foods. 2025; 14(23):4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234139

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ipeleng, Keletso Eunice, Usisipho Feleni, and Valentine Saasa. 2025. "Recent Developments on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Detection Technologies: A Focus on Electrochemical Biosensing Technologies" Foods 14, no. 23: 4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234139

APA Style

Ipeleng, K. E., Feleni, U., & Saasa, V. (2025). Recent Developments on Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Detection Technologies: A Focus on Electrochemical Biosensing Technologies. Foods, 14(23), 4139. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14234139

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