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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

The Antimicrobial Extract Derived from Pseudomonas sp. HP-1 for Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Prolongation of Maize Seed Storage

by
Marhaba Kader
1,2,†,
Liping Xu
1,2,†,
Longteng Fang
1,2,
Reziyamu Wufuer
2,
Minwei Zhang
1,
Nan Wei
3,
Dong Wang
2,* and
Zhiwei Zhang
2,*
1
School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
2
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
3
Institute of Agro-Products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Those authors equally contributed to this paper.
Foods 2025, 14(10), 1774; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101774
Submission received: 26 March 2025 / Revised: 25 April 2025 / Accepted: 15 May 2025 / Published: 16 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Food Microbiology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Maize, one of the most widely cultivated crops globally, is highly susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. In this study, an endophytic strain Pseudomonas sp. HP-1, isolated from Peganum harmala L., demonstrated significant biocontrol potential. The culture extract of Pseudomonas sp. HP-1 (PHE) exhibited strong antifungal activity, with inhibition zones of 40.07 ± 0.21 mm against Penicillium italicum, 29.71 ± 0.25 mm against Aspergillus niger, and 23.10 ± 0.44 mm against A. flavus, along with notable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (22.43 ± 0.55 mm). At a concentration of 16 mg/mL, PHE almost completely inhibited the mycelial growth of A. flavus. The antifungal mechanism of PHE was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and propidium iodide (PI) staining analysis, which demonstrated that antifungal activity is primarily through the disruption of cellular membrane integrity. Furthermore, PHE significantly reduced the incidence of A. flavus contamination in agroecological maize seeds during storage, and treated PHE showed superior antifungal efficacy compared to non-treated PHE, highlighting its potential as an effective antifungal agent for seed protection. Through one- and two-dimensional NMR and MS analyses, the primary active compound of PHE was identified as 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid. These findings indicate that PHE can be utilized as a sustainable antifungal agent for protecting maize seeds against mycotoxin-producing fungi.
Keywords: Pseudomonas; antimicrobial extract; antifungal activity; maize seed; 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid Pseudomonas; antimicrobial extract; antifungal activity; maize seed; 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kader, M.; Xu, L.; Fang, L.; Wufuer, R.; Zhang, M.; Wei, N.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Z. The Antimicrobial Extract Derived from Pseudomonas sp. HP-1 for Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Prolongation of Maize Seed Storage. Foods 2025, 14, 1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101774

AMA Style

Kader M, Xu L, Fang L, Wufuer R, Zhang M, Wei N, Wang D, Zhang Z. The Antimicrobial Extract Derived from Pseudomonas sp. HP-1 for Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Prolongation of Maize Seed Storage. Foods. 2025; 14(10):1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101774

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kader, Marhaba, Liping Xu, Longteng Fang, Reziyamu Wufuer, Minwei Zhang, Nan Wei, Dong Wang, and Zhiwei Zhang. 2025. "The Antimicrobial Extract Derived from Pseudomonas sp. HP-1 for Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Prolongation of Maize Seed Storage" Foods 14, no. 10: 1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101774

APA Style

Kader, M., Xu, L., Fang, L., Wufuer, R., Zhang, M., Wei, N., Wang, D., & Zhang, Z. (2025). The Antimicrobial Extract Derived from Pseudomonas sp. HP-1 for Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Prolongation of Maize Seed Storage. Foods, 14(10), 1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14101774

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