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Article

Effects on Cell Membrane Integrity of Pichia anomala by the Accumulating Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species under Ethanol Stress

by
Yanru Chen
1,2,
Yin Wan
1,2,
Wenqin Cai
1,2,
Na Liu
1,2,
Jiali Zeng
1,2,
Chengmei Liu
1,2,
Hong Peng
1,2 and
Guiming Fu
1,2,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
2
International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2022, 11(22), 3744; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223744
Submission received: 17 October 2022 / Revised: 10 November 2022 / Accepted: 15 November 2022 / Published: 21 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Brewing Technology and Brewing Microorganisms)
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Abstract

Ethanol stress to yeast is well recognized and exists widely during the brewing process of alcohol products. Pichia anomala is an important ester-producing yeast in the brewing process of Chinese Baijiu and other alcohol products. Therefore, it is of great significance for the alcohol products brewing industry to explore the effects of ethanol stress on the growth metabolism of P. anomala. In this study, the effects of ethanol stress on the growth, esters production ability, cell membrane integrity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism of P. anomala NCU003 were studied. Our results showed that ethanol stress could inhibit the growth, reduce the ability of non-ethyl ester compounds production and destroy the cell morphology of P. anomala NCU003. The results also showed that 9% ethanol stress produced excessive ROS and then increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, aseorbateperoxidase and glutathione reductase) compared to the control group. However, these increased antioxidant enzyme activities could not prevent the damage caused by ROS to P. anomala NCU003. Of note, correlation results indicated that high content of ROS could promote the accumulation of malondialdehyde content, resulting in destruction of the integrity of the cell membrane and leading to the leakage of intracellular nutrients (soluble sugar and protein) and electrolytes. These results indicated that the growth and the non-ethyl ester compounds production ability of P. anomala could be inhibited under ethanol stress by accumulating excessive ROS and the destruction of cell membrane integrity in P. anomala.
Keywords: ethanol stress; Pichia anomala; ester production ability; reactive oxygen species; cell membrane integrity ethanol stress; Pichia anomala; ester production ability; reactive oxygen species; cell membrane integrity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, Y.; Wan, Y.; Cai, W.; Liu, N.; Zeng, J.; Liu, C.; Peng, H.; Fu, G. Effects on Cell Membrane Integrity of Pichia anomala by the Accumulating Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species under Ethanol Stress. Foods 2022, 11, 3744. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223744

AMA Style

Chen Y, Wan Y, Cai W, Liu N, Zeng J, Liu C, Peng H, Fu G. Effects on Cell Membrane Integrity of Pichia anomala by the Accumulating Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species under Ethanol Stress. Foods. 2022; 11(22):3744. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223744

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Yanru, Yin Wan, Wenqin Cai, Na Liu, Jiali Zeng, Chengmei Liu, Hong Peng, and Guiming Fu. 2022. "Effects on Cell Membrane Integrity of Pichia anomala by the Accumulating Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species under Ethanol Stress" Foods 11, no. 22: 3744. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223744

APA Style

Chen, Y., Wan, Y., Cai, W., Liu, N., Zeng, J., Liu, C., Peng, H., & Fu, G. (2022). Effects on Cell Membrane Integrity of Pichia anomala by the Accumulating Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species under Ethanol Stress. Foods, 11(22), 3744. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223744

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