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Article

Risk Assessment of (Herbal) Teas Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) Based on Margin of Exposure Approach and Relative Potency (REP) Factors

by
Lu Chen
2,†,
Qian Zhang
1,†,
Ziwei Yi
1,
Yu Chen
1,
Weihan Xiao
1,
Dan Su
3 and
Wenbiao Shi
1,*
1
Department of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Agriculture University, Beijing 100091, China
2
Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
3
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Foods 2022, 11(19), 2946; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192946
Submission received: 19 August 2022 / Revised: 13 September 2022 / Accepted: 15 September 2022 / Published: 21 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Contaminant Components: Source, Detection, Toxicity and Removal)
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Abstract

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) present distinct toxicity potencies depending on their metabolites and in vivo toxicokinetics. To represent the potency differences of various PAs, the interim relative potency (REP) factors have been derived. However, little is known about the risk assessment for (herbal) teas when taking REP factors into account. In this study, a set of 68 individual 1,2-unsaturated PA in 21 types of (herbal) teas was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The REP factors for these PAs were applied on the PA levels. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was employed to assess the risks of the exposure to PAs due to consumption of (herbal) teas. The results show that the total PA levels ranged from 13.4 to 286,682.2 μg/kg d.m., which were decreased by REP correction in most of the teas. The MOE values for tephroseris, borage and lemon balm (melissa) tea based on REP-corrected PA levels were below 10,000, assuming daily consumption of one cup of tea during a lifetime, indicating that consuming these teas may raise a concern. Our study also indicates a priority for risk management for tephroseris tea, as having nephrosis tea for more than 11.2 weeks during a 75-year lifetime would result in an MOE of 10,000.
Keywords: herbal tea; pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs); margin of exposure (MOE); risk assessment; relative potency (REP) herbal tea; pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs); margin of exposure (MOE); risk assessment; relative potency (REP)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, L.; Zhang, Q.; Yi, Z.; Chen, Y.; Xiao, W.; Su, D.; Shi, W. Risk Assessment of (Herbal) Teas Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) Based on Margin of Exposure Approach and Relative Potency (REP) Factors. Foods 2022, 11, 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192946

AMA Style

Chen L, Zhang Q, Yi Z, Chen Y, Xiao W, Su D, Shi W. Risk Assessment of (Herbal) Teas Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) Based on Margin of Exposure Approach and Relative Potency (REP) Factors. Foods. 2022; 11(19):2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192946

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Lu, Qian Zhang, Ziwei Yi, Yu Chen, Weihan Xiao, Dan Su, and Wenbiao Shi. 2022. "Risk Assessment of (Herbal) Teas Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) Based on Margin of Exposure Approach and Relative Potency (REP) Factors" Foods 11, no. 19: 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192946

APA Style

Chen, L., Zhang, Q., Yi, Z., Chen, Y., Xiao, W., Su, D., & Shi, W. (2022). Risk Assessment of (Herbal) Teas Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) Based on Margin of Exposure Approach and Relative Potency (REP) Factors. Foods, 11(19), 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192946

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