Consumer Behaviour and Food Waste: Understanding and Mitigating Waste with a Technology Probe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Defining Food Waste
3. Understanding Waste and Consumer Behaviour
3.1. Personal Testimony
3.1.1. Description
3.1.2. Findings
3.1.3. Implications and Limitations
3.2. Human–Food Interaction
3.2.1. Description
3.2.2. Findings
3.2.3. Limitations
3.3. Societal Discourse
3.3.1. Description
3.3.2. Findings
3.3.3. Limitations
3.4. Reflections from the Literature
4. Technology Probes
5. Methodology
6. Results
6.1. Quantitative; Making Food Waste Visible
6.1.1. Waste Variability Inter and Intra Households
6.1.2. What Households Waste
6.1.3. Amount of Household Waste
6.1.4. When Households Waste
6.2. Qualitative Analysis; Realising Behaviours
6.2.1. Routines and Identities
[A] “I’m just chucking out all the… mouldy [stuff]”[B] “A is such a good cleaner”[C] ”Yeah, well-done A.”Household 3
6.2.2. Discrepancy between Responsibility, Reported Data and Explanation
“it must have been rotten… I’m not happy with that. I mean it’s all gone back into the ground basically, so it’s not wasted, it’s compost… Now that is nit-picking.”Household 4
“the sin bin, yeah, just it made me think oh god on what am I chucking away”Household 7
6.3. Qualitative; Provoking Change
6.3.1. Reflexivity
“[coming from Malaysia…] I am driven by the idea of not to waste… food like everything else in the world is finite. And the less you waste… the more there is available to everyone. we hope.”Household 4
“Yeah. It just feels so wrong… it just feels that it’s a kind of reflection of your lack of organization”Household 3
“I felt the shame when I put the [oranges] in… I was like these have sat in there no one is eating them. What can I do… Think of the air miles.”Household 3
“I’m not buying any more oranges. It’s not me. It’s the kids. Honestly… They’re like, ‘Oh, I really want these’… And so I buy them. And then they don’t get eaten because on Monday nights they have clubs, they have after school activities on Tuesday nights. They have after school activities on Thursday night… so they just genuinely aren’t home to eat them. And then by the weekend, I’m so annoyed with the fact that they’ve been sitting here I chuck them out… I went through a stage of… blending them in a smoothie… and I’m just pouring smoothies away because I’m like ‘girls smoothies’ and they have two mouthfuls and then they’re like, ‘no’, and I just wasted 40 min prepping smoothies.”Household 8
6.3.2. Contextualise and Strategize
“you are dealing with a north London Jewish boy, you do realise that don’t you. We don’t do things like that, the majority of rubbish is put in the black bag.”Household 9
“well its £3.28 I shouldn’t be wasting… I felt completely ashamed… I can hear my parents saying there are people… in India starving … I think when you’re challenged on anything…, it makes you think, again, and probably, you know, a lot more deeply”.Household 5
“I just would stop [buying oranges]… that’s an obscene amount of oranges. Let’s not mess around here. We just won’t buy that many oranges.”Household 7
“So we’re even, at the moment… two or three weeks ahead… isn’t it? … we’ve got a chest freezer over there”Household 6
“I would never be ashamed that I don’t feed enough veg”Household 1
“We eat the skins now because it became trendy, when we were kids people skinned potatoes, but it’s a different world. If I still had Dad’s potatoes, I would peel them and you’d never get the same again, the creaminess of them is just… [exclaims]… incomparable!”Household 1
‘It’s a salutary lesson, I should put it on the wall’Household 5
7. Discussion and Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Item | Weight | Item Cost | Item GHG |
---|---|---|---|
Aubergine | 57.52 | 0.46 | 0.077652 |
Beansprouts | 155.8 | 0.26 | 0.14022 |
Bread | 249.15 | 0.87 | 0.24915 |
Cabbage | 95.05 | 0.73 | 0.03802 |
Cherries | 90.45 | 0.63 | 0.045225 |
Chilli | 7.36 | 0.24 | 0.004416 |
Coriander | 9.96 | 0.15 | 0.003984 |
Courgette | 54.6 | 0.12 | 0.022932 |
Cucumber | 82.96 | 0.66 | 0.182512 |
Egg | 24.87 | 0.25 | 0.084558 |
Leftovers | 201.13 | 4.02 | 1.00565 |
Lime | 31.86 | 0.25 | 0.011151 |
Mushroom | 128.55 | 0.51 | 0.0347085 |
Noodles | 94.04 | 0.38 | 0.09404 |
Onion | 30.53 | 0.06 | 0.0064113 |
Oranges | 677 | 2.71 | 0.23695 |
Salad | 516.03 | 5.16 | 1.03206 |
Spinach | 35.6 | 0.36 | 0.0712 |
Spring onion | 206.38 | 1.65 | 0.41276 |
Tomato | 5.92 | 0.05 | 0.01184 |
Total | 2754.76 g | £19.52 | 3.77 kg CO2 eq |
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Household | Adults | Children (under 12) | Total Instances | Number of Unique Items | Avoidable Items (%) | Total Weight (g/w) | Avoidable Weight (g/w) | Avoidable Weight (%/w) | Avoidable Cost (GBP/w) | Unknown (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | 0 | 214 | 30 | 8 | 4435 | 907 | 20 | 5.53 | 35 |
2 | 4 | 0 | 226 | 43 | 13 | 4378 | 772 | 17 | 6.54 | 8 |
3 | 4 | 0 | 236 | 39 | 17 | 6758 | 1314 | 20 | 9.73 | 25 |
4 | 2 | 0 | 91 | 25 | 18 | 1114 | 257 | 23 | 2.97 | 3 |
5 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 14 | 23 | 1075 | 210 | 20 | 1.64 | 9 |
6 | 2 | 0 | 70 | 19 | 36 | 1896 | 1277 | 67 | 13.95 | 11 |
7 | 2 | 3 | 37 | 15 | 40 | 2349 | 1828 | 78 | 6.7 | 2 |
8 | 4 | 0 | 70 | 19 | 17 | 2470 | 949 | 39 | 9.75 | 7 |
9 | 2 | 0 | 43 | 14 | 18 | 1608 | 836 | 52 | 14.26 | 55 |
10 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 288 | 140 | 51 | 2.8 | 50 |
Total | 28 | 3 | 1036 | 223 | 19.7 | 26,371 | 7583 | 29 | 73.87 | 20.5 |
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Jones-Garcia, E.; Bakalis, S.; Flintham, M. Consumer Behaviour and Food Waste: Understanding and Mitigating Waste with a Technology Probe. Foods 2022, 11, 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142048
Jones-Garcia E, Bakalis S, Flintham M. Consumer Behaviour and Food Waste: Understanding and Mitigating Waste with a Technology Probe. Foods. 2022; 11(14):2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142048
Chicago/Turabian StyleJones-Garcia, Eliot, Serafim Bakalis, and Martin Flintham. 2022. "Consumer Behaviour and Food Waste: Understanding and Mitigating Waste with a Technology Probe" Foods 11, no. 14: 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142048