In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Dilution Water and Testing Solution Characteristics
2.2. Stability of BP-3 in Water
2.3. BP-3 Water Concentrations
2.4. Exposed Fish Observations
2.5. BP-3 Organs and Tissue Distribution
2.6. Bioconcentration Factors of BP-3
2.7. BP-3 Metabolites in Fish Organs and Tissue
2.8. BP-3 Metabolites in Water
2.9. Relationships between BP-3 and Corresponding Metabolites in Fish Sample
2.10. BP-3 Metabolization Pathway in Fish Organs
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Materials
3.2. LC-MS/MS Analytical Methods
3.3. Quality Assurance/Quality Control
3.4. Laboratory Conditions
3.4.1. Exposure Condition
3.4.2. Water Analysis
3.4.3. Biota Analysis
3.4.4. Matrix Effects
3.4.5. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time (h) | Measured Concentration (µg/L) ± SD (n = 3) |
---|---|
0 | 100 ± 1.48 |
24 | 95.5 ± 1.41 |
48 | 97.7 ± 1.45 |
72 | 98.2 ± 1.45 |
96 | 99.7 ± 1.47 |
t120 | 98.5 ± 1.46 |
Average | 98.3 |
CV% | 1.48 |
Time in Days | t0 | 30 min after Fish Exposure | 8:30 a.m. | 13:30 p.m. Post Spike | 15:30 p.m. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 99.2 ± 11.9 | 78.3 ± 9.4 | - | - | - |
2 | - | - | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 79.3 ± 9.5 | 55.8 ± 8.0 |
3 | - | - | 82.9 ± 9.9 * | 80.5 ± 9.7 | 66.6 ± 8.0 |
4 | - | - | 9.5 ± 1.1 | 52.3 ± 6.3 | 102.5 ± 12.3 |
5 | - | - | 26.2 ± 3.1 | 17.7 ± 2.1 | 64.4 ± 7.7 |
6 | - | - | 92.1 ± 11.1 * | 82.8 ± 9.9 | 49.6 ± 6.0 |
7 | - | - | 26.3 ± 3.2 | 70.3 ± 8.4 | 50.6 ± 6.1 |
8 | - | - | 24.7 ± 3.0 | 81.8 ± 9.8 | 55.3 ± 6.6 |
9 | - | - | 86.3 ± 10.4 * | 73.8 ± 8.9 | 17.9 ± 2.1 |
Exposure Time (Weeks, w) | 3 w | 5 w | 9 w | 11 w | Average BCF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intestinal content | 4.04 ± 0.80 | 87.4 ± 17.5 | - | - | 16.9 ± 3.38 |
Skin | 2.67 ± 0.53 | 49.1 ± 9.82 | 17.3 ± 3.46 | 15.7 ± 3.14 | 16.1 ± 3.22 |
Gonads | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 33.9 ± 6.78 | 15.3 ± 3.05 | 16.2 ± 3.24 | 13.7 ± 2.75 |
Liver | 2.84 ± 0.56 | 27.9 ± 5.58 | 1.72 ± 0.34 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 3.67 ± 0.73 |
Gills | 1.19 ± 0.23 | 26.6 ± 5.32 | 0.91 ± 0.18 | 0.52 ± 0.10 | 3.04 ± 0.60 |
Brain | 0.41 ± 0.08 | 20.7 ± 4.14 | 9.45 ± 1.89 | 7.95 ± 1.59 | 7.78 ± 1.55 |
Muscle | 1.07 ± 0.21 | 14.4 ± 2.88 | 4.88 ± 0.97 | 4.44 ± 0.88 | 4.66 ± 0.93 |
Intestine | 2.22 ± 0.44 | 11.6 ± 2.32 | 3.37 ± 0.67 | 3.34 ± 0.66 | 3.81 ± 0.76 |
Kidney | 3.59 ± 0.71 | 8.30 ± 1.66 | 3.51 ± 0.70 | 3.95 ± 0.79 | 4.11 ± 0.82 |
Scaly | 2.12 ± 0.42 | - | 4.89 ± 0.97 | 5.41 ± 1.08 | 5.37 ± 1.07 |
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Chiriac, F.L.; Lucaciu, I.E.; Paun, I.; Pirvu, F.; Gheorghe, S. In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp). Foods 2022, 11, 1627. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111627
Chiriac FL, Lucaciu IE, Paun I, Pirvu F, Gheorghe S. In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp). Foods. 2022; 11(11):1627. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111627
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiriac, Florentina Laura, Irina Eugenia Lucaciu, Iuliana Paun, Florinela Pirvu, and Stefania Gheorghe. 2022. "In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp)" Foods 11, no. 11: 1627. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111627