Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. ARMD Case Definition and Grading
2.3. Periodontal Disease Case Definition and Staging
2.4. Medical Data Collection
2.5. Data Management and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Dental and Periodontal Data
3.2.1. Periodontal Parameters in Cases vs. Controls
3.2.2. Periodontal Parameters in Relation to ARMD Risk Factors in Cases
4. Discussion
4.1. Periodontal Parameters in Cases vs. Controls
4.2. Periodontal Parameters in Relation to ARMD Risk Factors in Cases
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean Teeth Number (±SD*) | Mean CAL (±SD*) | Mean PPD (±SD*) | FMBS% (±SD*) | FMPS% (±SD*) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | 17.48 (±7.73) | 3.48 (±1.28) | 2.63 (±0.70) | 94.1% (±0.19) | 93.9% (±0.18) |
Controls | 17.33 (±6.68) | 3.19 (±1.56) | 2.34 (±0.64) | 74.4% (±0.37) | 81.3% (±0.31) |
CAL Values at the Site of Greatest Loss | Cases n. (%) | Controls n. (%) |
---|---|---|
1 to 2 mm | 0(0%) | 0(0%) |
3 to 4 mm | 2(5%) | 2(5%) |
≥5 mm | 38 (95%) | 38(95%) |
Alveolar Bone Loss (Bone Pocket) As per Karesvuoet al. 2013 | Cases n. (%) | Controls n. (%) |
---|---|---|
Class 0 No bone pocket | 5 (12.5%) | 6 (15%) |
Class 1 Bone pocket exceeding the middle third of the root | 26 (65%) | 24 (60%) |
Class 2 Bone pocket exceeding the apical third of the root | 9 (22.5%) | 10 (25%) |
Radiographic Bone Loss (RBL) As per Tonetti et al. (2018) | Cases n. (%) | Controls n. (%) |
Coronal third (<15%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (7.5%) |
Coronal third (15% to 33%) | 3 (7.5%) | 3 (7.5%) |
Extending to the middle or apical third of the root (>33%) | 35 (87.5%) | 34 (85%) |
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Di Spirito, F.; La Rocca, M.; De Bernardo, M.; Rosa, N.; Sbordone, C.; Sbordone, L. Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study. Dent. J. 2021, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj9010001
Di Spirito F, La Rocca M, De Bernardo M, Rosa N, Sbordone C, Sbordone L. Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study. Dentistry Journal. 2021; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Spirito, Federica, Michele La Rocca, Maddalena De Bernardo, Nicola Rosa, Carolina Sbordone, and Ludovico Sbordone. 2021. "Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study" Dentistry Journal 9, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj9010001