Antibacterial Additives in Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Focused Review
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Applied Oral Sciences—Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Applied Oral Sciences—Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Dent. J. 2019, 7(3), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7030072
Received: 29 April 2019 / Revised: 31 May 2019 / Accepted: 5 June 2019 / Published: 1 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endodontic Microbiology)
Dental materials used in root canal treatment have undergone substantial improvements over the past decade. However, one area that still remains to be addressed is the ability of root canal fillings to effectively entomb, kill bacteria, and prevent the formation of a biofilm, all of which will prevent reinfection of the root canal system. Thus far, no published review has analysed the literature on antimicrobial additives to root canal sealers and their influence on physicochemical properties. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the current literature on antimicrobial additives in root canal sealers, their anti-fouling effects, and influence on physicochemical properties. A systematic search was performed in two databases (PubMed and Scopus) to identify studies that investigated the effect of antimicrobial additives in epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. The nature of additives, their antimicrobial effects, methods of antimicrobial testing are critically discussed. The effects on sealer properties have also been reviewed. A total of 31 research papers were reviewed in this work. A variety of antimicrobial agents have been evaluated as additives to epoxy resin-based sealers, including quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, iodoform, natural extracts, antibiotics, antifungal drugs, and antimicrobial agent-functionalised nanoparticles. Antimicrobial additives generally improved the antimicrobial effect of epoxy resin-based sealers mainly without deteriorating the physicochemical properties, which mostly remained in accordance with ISO and ANSI/ADA specifications.
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Keywords:
antimicrobial; biofilm; endodontics; epoxy resin; nanoparticle; quaternary ammonium; obturation; root canal; sealer
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MDPI and ACS Style
Brezhnev, A.; Neelakantan, P.; Tanaka, R.; Brezhnev, S.; Fokas, G.; Matinlinna, J.P. Antibacterial Additives in Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Focused Review. Dent. J. 2019, 7, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7030072
AMA Style
Brezhnev A, Neelakantan P, Tanaka R, Brezhnev S, Fokas G, Matinlinna JP. Antibacterial Additives in Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Focused Review. Dentistry Journal. 2019; 7(3):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7030072
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrezhnev, Alexander; Neelakantan, Prasanna; Tanaka, Ray; Brezhnev, Sergey; Fokas, George; Matinlinna, Jukka P. 2019. "Antibacterial Additives in Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Focused Review" Dent. J. 7, no. 3: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7030072
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