Employing the London Atlas in the Age Estimation of a Select South African Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Design and Data Acquisition
2.2. Ethical Consideration
2.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
3. Methodology
3.1. London Atlas of Human Tooth Development
3.2. Intra-Observer and Inter-Observer Agreement
3.3. Development of the KZN Atlas of Dental Development
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Accuracy of the London Atlas of Human Tooth Development
4.2. KZN Atlas of Dental Development
4.3. Efficiency of the KZN Atlas of Dental Development
4.4. Reliability and Validity
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Maxillary Central Incisors (I1) | Mandibular Central Incisors (I1) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Crc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | |
Ri | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 8 | R1/2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
R1/4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 10 | R3/4 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 23 |
R1/2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 2 | 2 | 2 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 11 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
R1/2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 13 | R3/4 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 17 |
R3/4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 10 | Rc | 5 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 14 | |
Rc | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | Ac | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | Rc | 3 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 18 | |||
R3/4 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 17 | A1/2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 15 |
Rc | 4 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 17 | Ac | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Rc | 4 | 8 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 22 | Rc | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 7 | |
A1/2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 9 | A1/2 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 21 | |
Ac | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | Ac | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 11 | |||
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Rc | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 14 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
A1/2 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | A1/2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |
Ac | 3 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 15 | Ac | 8 | 8 | 16 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 31 |
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 2 | 2 | 2 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
A1/2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
Ac | 7 | 8 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 30 | Ac | 9 | 9 | 18 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 36 |
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ac | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | ||||
Ac | 10 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 39 | ||||||||
12.00–12.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 | 12.00–12.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 |
Ac | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 | Ac | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 |
Maxillary Lateral Incisors (I2) | Mandibular Lateral Incisors (I2) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Male | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | R1/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | |||
Crc | 3 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 18 | R1/2 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 19 |
Ri | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | R3/4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | |
R1/4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 9 | ||||||||
R1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | R1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 10 | |
R1/4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 12 | R3/4 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 19 |
R1/2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 15 | Rc | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 9 | |
R3/4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 2 | 2 | 2 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |||||
R1/2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | Rc | 8 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 26 |
R3/4 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 15 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||
Rc | 6 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 13 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | Rc | 3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 15 | |
R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | A1/2 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 17 | |
Rc | 5 | 8 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 21 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 7 | |||||||||
Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | ||||
R3/4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | A1/2 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 18 | |||
Rc | 3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 16 | Ac | 3 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 15 |
A1/2 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | ||||||||
Ac | 2 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 11 | ||||||||
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
A1/2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 | A1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |
Ac | 7 | 6 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 23 | Ac | 9 | 8 | 17 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 34 |
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
A1/2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | Ac | 10 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 39 | ||
Ac | 10 | 8 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 36 | ||||||||
12.00–12.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 | 12.00–12.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 |
Ac | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 | Ac | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 |
Maxillary Canines (C) | Mandibular Canines (C) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Crc | 8 | 8 | 16 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 31 | Crc | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 16 |
Ri | 3 | 3 | 3 | Ri | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 12 | ||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | R1/4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 8 | ||||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 12 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 7 | Ri | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | ||
R1/4 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 18 | R1/4 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 21 |
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 3 | 3 | 3 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Ri | 2 | 2 | 2 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 13 | Ri | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
R1/2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 14 | R1/4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 11 |
R3/4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | R1/2 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 13 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 11 | ||||
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 3 | 3 | 3 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | ||||
R1/4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | R1/2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 14 | |
R1/2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | R3/4 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 18 |
R3/4 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 22 | ||||||||
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/2 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
R3/4 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 29 | R1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 26 | ||||
Rc | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 8 | |||||||||
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
R3/4 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 24 | R3/4 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 24 |
Rc | 4 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 14 | Rc | 5 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 14 |
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 10 | R3/4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 9 |
Rc | 7 | 7 | 14 | 9 | 5 | 14 | 28 | Rc | 8 | 7 | 15 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 29 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||
Rc | 7 | 9 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 31 | Rc | 6 | 8 | 14 | 10 | 7 | 17 | 31 |
A1/2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | A1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
Rc | 9 | 9 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 30 | Rc | 8 | 8 | 16 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 28 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | A1/2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 8 | ||
Ac | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 13 | Rc | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 13 |
A1/2 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 19 | A1/2 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
Ac | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | Ac | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 14 |
15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
A1/2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 | A1/2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 11 |
Ac | 7 | 6 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 28 | Ac | 7 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 27 |
16.00–16.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 | 16.00–16.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 |
Ac | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 | Ac | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 |
Maxillary First Premolar (PM1) | Mandibular First Premolar (PM1) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Age range | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Cr1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
Crc | 10 | 8 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 34 | Crc | 10 | 9 | 19 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 35 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Crc | 8 | 8 | 16 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 33 | Crc | 5 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 25 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | ||||
R1/4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | R1/4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Crc | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 | ||||
Crc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 16 | Ri | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
Ri | 4 | 4 | 4 | R1/4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 11 | ||||
R1/4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | R1/2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | |
R1/2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 8 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 10 | R1/4 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 17 | |
R1/2 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 17 | R1/2 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 12 |
R3/4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 9 | R3/4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 |
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
R1/2 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 14 | R1/2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 14 |
R3/4 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 20 | R3/4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 19 |
Rc | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | Rc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | R1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
R3/4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | R3/4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 15 |
Rc | 7 | 9 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 24 | Rc | 7 | 7 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 22 |
Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
Rc | 7 | 7 | 14 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 27 | Rc | 4 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 27 |
A1/2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 9 | A1/2 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Rc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 12 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ||
A1/2 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 17 | A1/2 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 26 |
Ac | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 11 | Ac | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 9 |
13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 2 | 2 | 2 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
A1/2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 | A1/2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 11 |
Ac | 6 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 28 | Ac | 6 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 27 |
14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Ac | 9 | 9 | 18 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 36 | Ac | 10 | 9 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 38 |
15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Ac | 10 | 10 | 20 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 39 | Ac | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
16.00–16.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 | 16.00–16.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 |
Ac | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 | Ac | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 |
Maxillary Second Premolar (PM2) | Mandibular Second Premolar (PM2) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 7 | |||
Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Crc | 8 | 3 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 24 | Crc | 8 | 7 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 28 |
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Cr3/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||
Crc | 9 | 7 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 28 | Crc | 7 | 8 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 30 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Crc | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 14 | ||||
Crc | 6 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 24 | Ri | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 11 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | R1/4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 | ||
R1/4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | R1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||
Ri | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | Ri | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||
R1/4 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 15 | R1/4 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 19 |
R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | R1/2 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 12 | ||
R3/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | Ri | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||
R1/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | R1/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
R1/2 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 14 | R1/2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 16 |
R3/4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 11 | R3/4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 12 |
Rc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
R1/2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 11 | R1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
R3/4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 15 | R3/4 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 23 |
Rc | 3 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 13 | Rc | 4 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 8 | ||
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 9 | R3/4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 |
Rc | 8 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 24 | Rc | 7 | 5 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 24 |
A1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | R3/4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |||
Rc | 5 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 18 | Rc | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 14 |
A1/2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 10 | A1/2 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 16 | |
Ac | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||
A1/2 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 14 | A1/2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 14 |
Ac | 4 | 7 | 11 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 23 | Ac | 4 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 23 |
14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | ||||
Ac | 9 | 8 | 17 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 32 | Ac | 10 | 8 | 18 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 34 |
15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
A1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Ac | 10 | 10 | 20 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 38 | Ac | 10 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 38 |
16.00–16.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 | 16.00–16.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 |
Ac | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 | Ac | 80 | 80 | 160 | 80 | 80 | 160 | 320 |
Maxillary First Molar (M1) | Mandibular First Molar (M1) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ri | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | R1/4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||
R1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | R1/2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
R3/4 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 15 | R3/4 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 18 |
Rc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 9 | Rc | 3 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 |
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
R1/2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | R3/4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 11 | ||||
R3/4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | Rc | 5 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 24 |
Rc | 5 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 23 | A1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||
A1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 6 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 24 | ||||
Rc | 6 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 27 | A1/2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 14 |
A1/2 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 12 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 10 | ||||
Rc | 4 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 12 | A1/2 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 25 |
A1/2 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 25 | Ac | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | ||
Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | A1/2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 21 | ||||
A1/2 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 20 | Ac | 4 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 17 |
Ac | 4 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 18 | ||||||||
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
Ac | 9 | 9 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 36 | Ac | 9 | 9 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 36 |
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Ac | 10 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 39 | Ac | 10 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 39 |
12.00–12.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 | 12.00–12.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 |
Ac | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 | Ac | 120 | 120 | 240 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 480 |
Maxillary Second Molar (M2) | Mandibular Second Molar (M2) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cco | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Coc | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||
Cr1/2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 21 | Cr1/2 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 16 |
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | |
Crc | 3 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 10 | Crc | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 10 | |
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ci | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Cr1/2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 13 | Cr1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 8 |
Cr3/4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | Cr3/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
Crc | 3 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 20 | Crc | 6 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 26 |
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Crc | 8 | 4 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 26 | Crc | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 23 |
Ri | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Ri | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||
R1/4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | R1/4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | |||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Crc | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | Crc | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 | |
Ri | 6 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 11 | Ri | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
R1/4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 9 | R1/4 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 19 |
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 | ||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 8 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 12 | R1/4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 |
R1/2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 12 | R1/2 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 19 |
R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | R3/4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 9 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
R1/2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 12 | R1/2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 18 |
R3/4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 11 | R3/4 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 15 | |
Rc | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | Rc | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
R1/2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 5 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 8 | R3/4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 15 | |
Rc | 10 | 8 | 18 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 26 | Rc | 8 | 7 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 23 |
12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
R3/4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | ||
Rc | 9 | 7 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 35 | Rc | 7 | 7 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 28 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | A1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||||
13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Rc | 9 | 6 | 15 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 29 | Rc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 13 |
A1/2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | A1/2 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 26 |
Ac | 2 | 2 | 2 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 16 | Rc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 7 | |
A1/2 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 19 | A1/2 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 17 | 29 |
Ac | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | Ac | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||
15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
A1/2 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 18 | A1/2 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 19 |
Ac | 5 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 21 | Ac | 3 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 20 |
16.00–16.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 16.00–16.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
A1/2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | A1/2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 10 |
Ac | 7 | 9 | 16 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 32 | Ac | 6 | 8 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 30 |
17.00–17.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 17.00–17.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | A1/2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||
Ac | 8 | 9 | 17 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 36 | Ac | 7 | 9 | 16 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 36 |
18.00–18.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 240 | 18.00–18.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 240 |
Ac | 60 | 60 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 240 | Ac | 60 | 60 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 240 |
Maxillary Third Molar (M3) | Mandibular Third Molar (M3) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | Age Range | Female | Male | Grand Total | ||||||||
Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | Tooth Stages | Black | Indian | Total | Black | Indian | Total | ||
5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 5.00–5.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Undeveloped | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | Undeveloped | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 6.00–6.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ci | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Undeveloped | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | Undeveloped | 9 | 10 | 19 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 39 |
7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 7.00–7.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ci | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | Ci | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||
Cco | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Cco | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cr1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Undeveloped | 9 | 8 | 17 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 32 | Undeveloped | 9 | 8 | 17 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 32 |
8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 8.00–8.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ci | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 | Ci | 6 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 16 |
Cco | 7 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 8 | Cco | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | ||||
Coc | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 7 | Coc | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||
Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Undeveloped | 6 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 15 | Undeveloped | 5 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 15 | ||
9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 9.00–9.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ci | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 7 | Ci | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 15 | ||
Cco | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 | Cco | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | |
Coc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | Coc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
Cr1/2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 10 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||
Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
Undeveloped | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Undeveloped | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||||||||
10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 10.00–10.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ci | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | Ci | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||||
Cco | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Cco | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | |
Coc | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 7 | Coc | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||
Cr1/2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 11 | Cr1/2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 10 | ||
Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
Crc | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | Crc | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | |||
Undeveloped | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Undeveloped | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||
11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 11.00–11.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ci | 2 | 2 | 2 | Ci | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
Cco | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cco | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
Cr1/2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
Cr3/4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 12 | Cr3/4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 13 |
Crc | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | Crc | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Undeveloped | 2 | 2 | 2 | Undeveloped | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 12.00–12.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ci | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Cr1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Coc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | Cr1/2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||
Crc | 5 | 7 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 28 | Cr3/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |||
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | Crc | 5 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 23 | ||||
R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 13.00–13.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Ci | 1 | 1 | 1 | Ci | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Cr1/2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | ||
Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Cr3/4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Crc | 3 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 20 | Crc | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 12 |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Ri | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | |||
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | R1/4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | |
R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | |||||||
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Rc | 2 | 2 | 2 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Undeveloped | 1 | 1 | 1 | Undeveloped | |||||||||||
14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 14.00–14.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Cr3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cr3/4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
Crc | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | Crc | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | |
Ri | 3 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 13 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | R1/2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 12 | ||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
R3/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
Undeveloped | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 15.00–15.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
Ri | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | R1/4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||
R1/4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 | R1/2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 14 |
R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | R3/4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | Rc | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
Rc | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
16.00–16.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 16.00–16.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 2 | 2 | 2 | Cr1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Ri | 2 | 2 | 2 | Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
R1/4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
R1/2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 10 | R1/2 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 15 |
R3/4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 11 | R3/4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 13 |
Rc | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 9 | Rc | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 8 | ||
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
17.00–17.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 17.00–17.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R1/4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | R1/4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||
R1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | ||
R3/4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 13 | R3/4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 16 |
Rc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 13 | Rc | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 12 |
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | A1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Ac | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | Ac | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||
18.00–18.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 18.00–18.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Crc | 1 | 1 | 1 | R1/2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
R1/2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
R3/4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | Rc | 5 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 20 | ||||
Rc | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 14 | A1/2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
A1/2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 11 | Ac | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 9 | |
Ac | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||
19.00–19.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 19.00–19.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 14 | R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
A1/2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 13 | Rc | 3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 16 |
Ac | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 13 | A1/2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 12 |
Ac | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 11 | ||||||||
20.00–20.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 20.00–20.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
R3/4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | ||||
Rc | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | A1/2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 11 | ||
A1/2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 11 | Ac | 9 | 3 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 23 |
Ac | 9 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 24 | ||||||||
21.00–21.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 21.00–21.99 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 40 |
Rc | 1 | 1 | 1 | Rc | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||||
A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | A1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ||||
Ac | 10 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 37 | Ac | 10 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 6 | 16 | 34 |
22.00–22.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 80 | 22.00–22.99 to 23.00–23.99 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 80 |
Ac | 20 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 80 | Ac | 20 | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 80 |
References
- Ghafari, R.; Ghodousi, A.; Poordavar, E. Comparison of the accuracy of the London atlas and Smith method in dental age estimation in 5–15.99-year-old Iranians using the panoramic view. Int. J. Leg. Med. 2019, 133, 189–195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- da Silveira Sousa, A.M.; Jacometti, V.; AlQahtani, S.; da Silva, R.H.A. Age estimation of Brazilian individuals using the London Atlas. Arch. Oral Biol. 2020, 113, 104705. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sharma, P.; Wadhwan, V. Comparison of accuracy of age estimation in Indian children by measurement of open apices in teeth with the London Atlas of tooth development. J. Forensic Odonto-Stomatol. 2020, 38, 39. [Google Scholar]
- Koç, A.; Özlek, E.; Talmaç, A.G.Ö. Accuracy of the London atlas, Willems, and Nolla methods for dental age estimation: A cross-sectional study on Eastern Turkish children. Clin. Oral Investig. 2021, 25, 4833–4840. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Baylis, S.; Bassed, R. Precision and accuracy of commonly used dental age estimation charts for the New Zealand population. Forensic Sci. Int. 2017, 277, 223–228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alkandiri, F.; Karimi, A.; Draft, D.; Lucas, V.S.; Roberts, G. Dental Age Estimation: A comparison of three methods of estimating dental age in a population of Kuwaiti children and adolescents. Forensic Sci. Int. Rep. 2021, 3, 100214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- AlQahtani, S.J.; Hector, M.P.; Liversidge, H.M. Brief communication: The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption. Am. J. Phys. Anthr. 2010, 142, 481–490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- AlQahtani, S.J.; Hector, M.P.; Liversidge, H.M. Accuracy of dental age estimation charts: Schour and Massler, Ubelaker and the London Atlas. Am. J. Phys. Anthr. 2014, 154, 70–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moorrees, C.F.; Fanning, E.A.; Hunt, E.E., Jr. Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth. J. Dent. Res. 1963, 42, 1490–1502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sezer, B.; Çarıkçıoğlu, B. Accuracy of the London Atlas, Haavikko’s Method and Cameriere’s European Formula of dental age estimation in TurkishU children. Leg. Med. 2022, 54, 101991. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Casrl, C. Comparison of Age Estimation of Children with the London Atlas of Dental Development, Demirjian’s Method and the Modification of Willems. Ph.D. Thesis, Universitat Wurzburg, Medizinische Fakultat, Würzburg, Germany, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Alshihri, A.M.; Kruger, E.; Tennant, M. Dental age assessment of Western Saudi children and adolescents. Saudi Dent. J. 2015, 27, 131–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Esan, T.A.; Schepartz, L.A. The WITS Atlas: A Black Southern African dental atlas for permanent tooth formation and emergence. Am. J. Phys. Anthr. 2018, 166, 208–218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nyström, M.; Haataja, J.; Kataja, M.; Evalahti, M.; Peck, L.; Kleemola-Kujala, E. Dental maturity in Finnish children, estimated from the development of seven permanent mandibular teeth. Acta Odontol. Scand. 1986, 44, 193–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Olze, A.; Schmeling, A.; Taniguchi, M.; Maeda, H.; van Niekerk, P.; Wernecke, K.D.; Geserick, G. Forensic age estimation in living subjects: The ethnic factor in wisdom tooth mineralization. Int. J. Leg. Med. 2004, 118, 170–173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alshihri, A.M.; Kruger, E.; Tennant, M. Dental age assessment of 4–16year old Western Saudi children and adolescents using Demirjian’s method for forensic dentistry. Egypt. J. Forensic Sci. 2016, 6, 152–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, M.-Q.; Jia, S.-X.; Wang, C.-X.; Chu, G.; Chen, T.; Zhou, H.; Guo, Y.-C. Accuracy of the Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods for dental age estimation in a northern Chinese population. Arch. Oral Biol. 2020, 118, 104875. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- South African Census. 2011. Available online: https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03014/P030142011 (accessed on 28 April 2022).
- Omotoso, B.R.; Harrichandparsad, R.; Moodley, I.G.; Satyapal, K.S.; Lazarus, L. An anatomical investigation of the proximal vertebral arteries (V1, V2) in a select South African population. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2021, 43, 929–941. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khalfani, A.K.; Zuberi, T. Racial classification and the modern census in South Africa, 1911–1996. Race Soc. 2001, 4, 161–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Britannica: South Africa–People: Ethnic Groups. Available online: https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/Conservation#ref44029 (accessed on 7 July 2022).
- Putri, A.S.; Soedarsono, N.; Nehemia, B.; Atmadja, D.S.; Ubelaker, D.H. Age estimation of individuals aged 5–23 years based on dental development of the Indonesian population. Forensic Sci. Res. 2021, 7, 115–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koo, T.K.; Li, M.Y. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J. Chiropr. Med. 2016, 15, 155–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schour, L.; Massler, M. The development of the human dentition. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 1941, 28, 1153–1160. [Google Scholar]
- Schour, L.; Massler, M. Development of Human Dentition Chart, 2nd ed.; American Dental Association: Chicago, IL, USA, 1941. [Google Scholar]
- Ubelaker, D.H. Human Skeletal Remains: Excavation, Analysis, Interpretation; Aldine Publishing Co., Inc.: Chicago, IL, USA, 1978. [Google Scholar]
- Pavlović, S.; Pereira, C.P.; de Sousa Santos, R.F.V. Age estimation in Portuguese population: The application of the London atlas of tooth development and eruption. Forensic Sci. Int. 2017, 272, 97–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- South African Government—National State of Disaster-in-Numbers—18 April 2022. Available online: https://www.gov.za/speeches/national-state-disaster-numbers-%E2%80%93-18-april-2022-18-apr-2022-0000 (accessed on 7 July 2022).
- Alsudairi, D.M.; AlQahtani, S.J. Testing and comparing the accuracy of two dental age estimation methods on saudi children: Measurements of open apices in teeth and the London Atlas of Tooth Development. Forensic Sci. Int. 2019, 295, 226.e1–226.e9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sankoung, S.; Lamine, N.M.; Marcellin, N.N.Z.; Souleymane, B.; Christophe, B. Estimation de l’âge dans une population sénégalaise: Efficacité des formules de Chaillet-Demirjian versus la London l’Atlas Tooth. Rev. Med. Leg. 2021, 12, 166–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cesário, C.; Santos, R.; Pestana, D.; Pereira, C.P. Medico-legal age estimation in a sub-adult portuguese population: Validation of Atlas Schour and Massler and London. J. Civ. Leg. Sci. 2016, 5, 196. [Google Scholar]
- Ranasinghe, S.; Perera, J.; Taylor, J.A.; Tennakoon, A.; Pallewatte, A.S.; Jayasinghe, R.D. Dental age estimation using radiographs: Towards the best method for Sri Lankan children. Forensic Sci. Int. 2017, 298, 64–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McCloe, D.; Marion, I.; da Fonseca, M.A.; Colvard, M.; AlQahtani, S. Age estimation of Hispanic children using the London Atlas. Forensic Sci. Int. 2018, 288, 332.e1–332.e6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Harris, E.F.; McKee, J.H. Tooth mineralization standards for blacks and whites from the middle southern United States. J. Forensic Sci. 1990, 35, 859–872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tompkins, R.L. Human population variability in relative dental development. Am. J. Phys. Anthr. 1996, 99, 79–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koch, G.; Poulsen, S. Paediatric Dentistry—A Clinical Approach; Blackwell Publishing Munksgaard: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Celikoglu, M.; Cantekin, K.; Ceylan, I. Dental age assessment: The applicability of Demirjian method in eastern Turkish children. J. Forensic Sci. 2011, 56, S220–S222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Altunsoy, M.; Bilge, N.U.R.; Akkemik, O.; Evren, O.K.; Evcil, M. Dental age assessment: Validity of the Nolla method in a group of western Turkish children. Marmara Dent. J. 2013, 1, 49–52. [Google Scholar]
- Panchbhai, A.S. Dental radiographic indicators, a key to age estimation. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 2011, 40, 199–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
Population Group | Sex | Sample Size (n) | Chronological Age (CA) ± SD | Dental Age (DA) ± SD | * Mean Error (CA–DA) | Mean Absolute Error | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA Black | Female | 190 | 14.50 ± 5.47 | 15.63 ± 5.82 | −1.13 | 1.28 | <0.001 |
SA Black | Male | 190 | 14.49 ± 5.48 | 15.75 ± 5.89 | −1.26 | 1.40 | <0.001 |
SA Indian | Female | 190 | 14.51 ± 5.44 | 15.36 ± 5.64 | −0.85 | 1.10 | <0.001 |
SA Indian | Male | 190 | 14.48 ± 5.47 | 15.46 ± 6.02 | −0.98 | 1.21 | <0.001 |
Total Sample | 760 | 14.50 ± 5.48 | 15.55 ± 5.86 | −1.05 | 1.25 | <0.001 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ishwarkumar, S.; Pillay, P.; Chetty, M.; Satyapal, K.S. Employing the London Atlas in the Age Estimation of a Select South African Population. Dent. J. 2022, 10, 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10090171
Ishwarkumar S, Pillay P, Chetty M, Satyapal KS. Employing the London Atlas in the Age Estimation of a Select South African Population. Dentistry Journal. 2022; 10(9):171. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10090171
Chicago/Turabian StyleIshwarkumar, Sundika, Pamela Pillay, Manogari Chetty, and Kapil Sewsaran Satyapal. 2022. "Employing the London Atlas in the Age Estimation of a Select South African Population" Dentistry Journal 10, no. 9: 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10090171
APA StyleIshwarkumar, S., Pillay, P., Chetty, M., & Satyapal, K. S. (2022). Employing the London Atlas in the Age Estimation of a Select South African Population. Dentistry Journal, 10(9), 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10090171