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Volume 12
Issue 11
10.3390/photonics12111127
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Angle-Scanning and Size-Scaling Pixelated Quasi-BIC Metasurface Array for Broadband Terahertz Fingerprint Biosensing

by
Mengya Pan
1,
Haotian Ling
2,
Dongjin Xin
3,
Xijian Zhang
1,
Yanpeng Shi
1,* and
Yifei Zhang
1,4,*
1
School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
2
School of Electronics and Integrated Circuits, Aerospace Information Technology University, Jinan 250200, China
3
Shandong Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
4
Shandong Key Laboratory of Metamaterial and Electromagnetic Manipulation Technology, Jinan 250022, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2025, 12(11), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12111127
Submission received: 24 October 2025 / Revised: 7 November 2025 / Accepted: 12 November 2025 / Published: 14 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Terahertz Metamaterials)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Metasurface biosensing confronts a significant challenge in simultaneously achieving broadband response, high quality-factor (Q-factor), and ultrahigh sensitivity for specific trace-analyte detection at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Recently, quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) metasurfaces provided enhanced light–matter interactions and ultrahigh sensitivity in narrow resonant bands. In this work, an angle-scanning QBIC metasurface array pixelated with just 5 × 5 scaling units is proposed to achieve an ultra-broad spectrum from 1 to 2.8 THz for fingerprint bio-detection. The symmetry-protected QBIC is excited by breaking the symmetry of copper block dimer resonator structures, achieving a Q-factor of 20 and a sensitivity of 500 GHz/RIU. A spectral step of approximately 10 GHz is demonstrated in this approach, and glutamic acid and glutamine are specifically detected, with detection limits reaching 15.4 μg/cm2 and 14.7 μg/cm2. This design provides a novel approach for achieving ultra-wideband, specific, and highly sensitive detection. This capability offers an efficient strategy for monitoring tumor metabolic biomarkers and paves the way for applications in early diagnosis and advanced broadband THz detection.
Keywords: terahertz sensing; quasi-bound states in the continuum; pixelated metasurface; angle scanning; molecular fingerprint detection terahertz sensing; quasi-bound states in the continuum; pixelated metasurface; angle scanning; molecular fingerprint detection

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Pan, M.; Ling, H.; Xin, D.; Zhang, X.; Shi, Y.; Zhang, Y. Angle-Scanning and Size-Scaling Pixelated Quasi-BIC Metasurface Array for Broadband Terahertz Fingerprint Biosensing. Photonics 2025, 12, 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12111127

AMA Style

Pan M, Ling H, Xin D, Zhang X, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Angle-Scanning and Size-Scaling Pixelated Quasi-BIC Metasurface Array for Broadband Terahertz Fingerprint Biosensing. Photonics. 2025; 12(11):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12111127

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pan, Mengya, Haotian Ling, Dongjin Xin, Xijian Zhang, Yanpeng Shi, and Yifei Zhang. 2025. "Angle-Scanning and Size-Scaling Pixelated Quasi-BIC Metasurface Array for Broadband Terahertz Fingerprint Biosensing" Photonics 12, no. 11: 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12111127

APA Style

Pan, M., Ling, H., Xin, D., Zhang, X., Shi, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Angle-Scanning and Size-Scaling Pixelated Quasi-BIC Metasurface Array for Broadband Terahertz Fingerprint Biosensing. Photonics, 12(11), 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12111127

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