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Photonics
Volume 12
Issue 10
10.3390/photonics12100987
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Tunable Ultra-Wideband VO2–Graphene Hybrid Metasurface Terahertz Absorption Devices Based on Dual Regulation

by
Kele Chen
1,2,
Zhengning Wang
1,*,
Meizhang Guan
2,
Shubo Cheng
3,
Hongyu Ma
4,
Zao Yi
4,5 and
Boxun Li
6
1
School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
2
Sichuan Intronics Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Suining 629000, China
3
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
4
Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
5
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
6
School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2025, 12(10), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100987 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 7 August 2025 / Revised: 1 October 2025 / Accepted: 2 October 2025 / Published: 5 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics Metamaterials: Processing and Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In this study, a dynamically tunable terahertz device based on a VO2–graphene hybrid metasurface is proposed, which realizes the dual functions of ultra-wideband absorption and efficient transmission through VO2 phase transformation. At 345 K (metallic state), the device attains an absorption efficiency exceeding 90% (average 97.06%) in the range of 2.25–6.07 THz (bandwidth 3.82 THz), showing excellent absorption performance. At 318 K (insulated state), the device achieves 67.66–69.51% transmittance in the 0.1–2.14 THz and 7.51–10 THz bands while maintaining a broadband absorption of 3.6–5.08 THz (an average of 81.99%). Compared with traditional devices, the design breaks through the performance limitations by integrating phase change material control with 2D materials. The patterned graphene design simplifies the fabrication process. System analysis reveals that the device is polarization-insensitive and tunable via graphene Fermi energy and relaxation time. The device’s excellent temperature response and wide angular stability provide a novel solution for terahertz switching, stealth technology, and sensing applications.
Keywords: phase change materials VO2; graphene; terahertz absorber; tunable broadband phase change materials VO2; graphene; terahertz absorber; tunable broadband

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, K.; Wang, Z.; Guan, M.; Cheng, S.; Ma, H.; Yi, Z.; Li, B. Tunable Ultra-Wideband VO2–Graphene Hybrid Metasurface Terahertz Absorption Devices Based on Dual Regulation. Photonics 2025, 12, 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100987

AMA Style

Chen K, Wang Z, Guan M, Cheng S, Ma H, Yi Z, Li B. Tunable Ultra-Wideband VO2–Graphene Hybrid Metasurface Terahertz Absorption Devices Based on Dual Regulation. Photonics. 2025; 12(10):987. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100987

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Kele, Zhengning Wang, Meizhang Guan, Shubo Cheng, Hongyu Ma, Zao Yi, and Boxun Li. 2025. "Tunable Ultra-Wideband VO2–Graphene Hybrid Metasurface Terahertz Absorption Devices Based on Dual Regulation" Photonics 12, no. 10: 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100987

APA Style

Chen, K., Wang, Z., Guan, M., Cheng, S., Ma, H., Yi, Z., & Li, B. (2025). Tunable Ultra-Wideband VO2–Graphene Hybrid Metasurface Terahertz Absorption Devices Based on Dual Regulation. Photonics, 12(10), 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100987

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