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Article

Temperature-Controlled Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Filters: A Scalable Solution for Ultra-Low-Noise Stokes Photon Detection in Quantum Systems

1
School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
2
Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection Technology and Equipment, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
3
Shanxi Dazhong Electronic Information Industry Group Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030024, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2025, 12(10), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100986 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 August 2025 / Revised: 29 September 2025 / Accepted: 3 October 2025 / Published: 4 October 2025

Abstract

This study addresses the issue of cross-interference that occurs when locked continuous light and signal photons are collinear during interferometer measurements. To tackle this, a temperature-controlled Fabry–Pérot cavity filter with a heterogeneous cascaded structure is proposed and applied. The system consists of six filtering stages, created by designing Fabry–Pérot cavities of three different lengths, each used twice (to match optical frequencies), along with temperature control settings. By applying differentiated linewidth regulation, the approach effectively suppresses interference from locked light while significantly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in photon detection. This method overcomes the challenge of interference from same-frequency noise photons in atomic ensemble-entangled sources, achieving a noise–photon extinction ratio on the order of 106 and surpassing the frequency resolution limit of a single filter. Experimental results demonstrate that the system reduces the noise floor in the detection optical path to below 10−16, while maintaining a photon transmission efficiency above 53% for the signal. This technology effectively addresses key challenges in noise suppression and photon state fidelity optimization in optical fiber quantum communication, offering a scalable frequency–photon noise filtering solution for long-distance quantum communication. Furthermore, its multi-parameter cooperative filtering mechanism holds broad potential applications in areas such as quantum storage and optical frequency combs.
Keywords: cascaded Fabry–Pérot cavity; temperature-controlled filtering; quantum communication; noise suppression; extinction ratio cascaded Fabry–Pérot cavity; temperature-controlled filtering; quantum communication; noise suppression; extinction ratio

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Y.; Niu, C.; Qiao, W.; Zou, X.; Chen, Y. Temperature-Controlled Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Filters: A Scalable Solution for Ultra-Low-Noise Stokes Photon Detection in Quantum Systems. Photonics 2025, 12, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100986

AMA Style

Li Y, Niu C, Qiao W, Zou X, Chen Y. Temperature-Controlled Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Filters: A Scalable Solution for Ultra-Low-Noise Stokes Photon Detection in Quantum Systems. Photonics. 2025; 12(10):986. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100986

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Ya, Changqing Niu, Weizhe Qiao, Xiaolong Zou, and Youxing Chen. 2025. "Temperature-Controlled Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Filters: A Scalable Solution for Ultra-Low-Noise Stokes Photon Detection in Quantum Systems" Photonics 12, no. 10: 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100986

APA Style

Li, Y., Niu, C., Qiao, W., Zou, X., & Chen, Y. (2025). Temperature-Controlled Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Filters: A Scalable Solution for Ultra-Low-Noise Stokes Photon Detection in Quantum Systems. Photonics, 12(10), 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12100986

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