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Limnological Review
Volume 17
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10.1515/limre-2017-0013
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Article

Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cascade Multi-System Tropical Reservoirs: Water and Sediment

by
Marcelo Pompêo
1,*,
Viviane Moschini-Carlos
2,
Julio Cesar López-Doval
1,
Natália Abdalla-Martins
1,
Sheila Cardoso-Silva
2,
Rogério Herlon Furtado Freire
3,
Frederico Guilherme de Souza Beghelli
2,
Ana Lúcia Brandimarte
1,
André Henrique Rosa
2 and
Pilar López
4
1
Bioscience Institute, Department of Ecology, São Paulo University (USP), Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão 321/Travessa 14, São Paulo 05508-090, CEP, Brazil
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avda. 3 de Março 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba 18087-180, CEP, Brazil
3
São Paulo Virtual University (UNIVESP), São Paulo 05508-901, SP, Brazil
4
Barcelona University, Department of Ecology, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Limnol. Rev. 2017, 17(3), 133-150; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2017-0013 (registering DOI)
Published: 19 January 2018

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the horizontal spatial heterogeneity of both water and superficial sediment quality among and within the reservoirs of the Cantareira System (CS), focusing on concentrations of N and P, attributed to the dumping of raw domestic sewage into water bodies, which is the main cause of water pollution in São Paulo State (Brazil). The CS is a multi-system complex composed of five interconnected reservoirs, with water transported by gravity through 48 km of tunnels and channels. From the last reservoir of the CS, with an output of 33 m3 s−1, the water is conducted to a water treatment plant, producing half of the water consumed by 19 million people inhabiting São Paulo city. The upstream reservoirs are more eutrophic than the downstream ones. Data also suggest that the low phytoplankton biomass (ranging from 0.9 to 14.4 μg dm−3) is regulated by the low nutrient availability, mainly of phosphorus (TP ranging from below the detection limit, <9.0 μg dm−3, to 47.3 μg dm−3). For water, the DIN/TP ratios values range from 19 to 380. The upstream reservoirs function as nutrient accumulators and the sediment is the main compartment in which P and N are stored. Although the reservoirs are located in different river basins and are not in sequence along the same river, the results suggest a marked gradient between the reservoirs, with features similar to those of cascade reservoirs. The large volumes flowing through the canals and tunnels could explain the observed pattern. The CS reservoirs can therefore be considered multi-system reservoirs in cascade, constituting a particular case of multi-system reservoirs.
Keywords: cascade reservoir; sediment; water quality; nitrogen; phosphorus cascade reservoir; sediment; water quality; nitrogen; phosphorus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pompêo, M.; Moschini-Carlos, V.; López-Doval, J.C.; Abdalla-Martins, N.; Cardoso-Silva, S.; Freire, R.H.F.; de Souza Beghelli, F.G.; Brandimarte, A.L.; Rosa, A.H.; López, P. Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cascade Multi-System Tropical Reservoirs: Water and Sediment. Limnol. Rev. 2017, 17, 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2017-0013

AMA Style

Pompêo M, Moschini-Carlos V, López-Doval JC, Abdalla-Martins N, Cardoso-Silva S, Freire RHF, de Souza Beghelli FG, Brandimarte AL, Rosa AH, López P. Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cascade Multi-System Tropical Reservoirs: Water and Sediment. Limnological Review. 2017; 17(3):133-150. https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2017-0013

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pompêo, Marcelo, Viviane Moschini-Carlos, Julio Cesar López-Doval, Natália Abdalla-Martins, Sheila Cardoso-Silva, Rogério Herlon Furtado Freire, Frederico Guilherme de Souza Beghelli, Ana Lúcia Brandimarte, André Henrique Rosa, and Pilar López. 2017. "Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cascade Multi-System Tropical Reservoirs: Water and Sediment" Limnological Review 17, no. 3: 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2017-0013

APA Style

Pompêo, M., Moschini-Carlos, V., López-Doval, J. C., Abdalla-Martins, N., Cardoso-Silva, S., Freire, R. H. F., de Souza Beghelli, F. G., Brandimarte, A. L., Rosa, A. H., & López, P. (2017). Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cascade Multi-System Tropical Reservoirs: Water and Sediment. Limnological Review, 17(3), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2017-0013

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