Psychometric Reliability to Assess the Perception of Women’s Fulfillment of Maternity Rights
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Development of the Fulfillment of Maternity Rights Instrument
2.2. Evaluation of the Judges
2.3. Pilot Test
2.4. Participants of the Study
2.5. Procedure
2.6. Instruments Used in the Study
2.7. Statistical Analysis
2.8. Ethics Statement
3. Results
3.1. Content Validity
3.2. Descriptive of Sample
3.3. Construct Validity by Factor Analysis
3.4. Divergent and Known-Groups Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Item | Factor | During Last Pregnancy | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
I1 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the healthcare procedures that you and your newborn should have for a healthy pregnancy. | |||||
I4 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the administrative steps you had to take to ensure your healthcare. | |||||
I7 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the medical procedures performed on you. | |||||
I42 | 2 | Your privacy or avoidance of exposure of your body (covering intimate parts, regulating the exhibition of your body to persons not involved in the treatment) was respected during healthcare. | |||||
I45 | 2 | Confidentiality of information about your health was maintained during healthcare. | |||||
I15 | 3 | Your written consent was requested for healthcare procedures involving the invasion of your body (vaginal examinations or ultrasound). | |||||
I27 | 4 | If you requested family support or accompaniment during healthcare, they were allowed access. If you never requested it, check option “4”. | |||||
I35 | 5 | During the healthcare, your feelings, emotions, doubts, and opinions were listened to. | |||||
Item | Factor | During last labor | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
I2 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the healthcare procedures that you and your newborn should have for an effective delivery/C-section. | |||||
I5 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the administrative steps you had to take to ensure your healthcare. | |||||
I46 | 2 | Confidentiality of information about your and your newborn’s health status was maintained during healthcare. | |||||
I50 | 2 | If your rights were violated during healthcare, you consider that you defended them. If your rights were not violated, check option “4”. | |||||
I13 | 3 | You were asked for your verbal consent for healthcare processes that involved the invasion of your body (perineal cutting or ultrasounds). | |||||
I16 | 3 | You were asked for your written consent for healthcare processes involving the invasion of your body (perineal cutting or ultrasound). | |||||
I28 | 4 | If you requested family support or accompaniment during healthcare, they were allowed access. If you never requested it, check option “4”. | |||||
I22 | 5 | They respected your decisions on self-care and newborn care behaviors that were not risky for either of you. | |||||
I31 | 5 | Health professionals performed or allowed you to perform pain control (medication, application of compresses, walking, postural control). | |||||
I36 | 5 | During healthcare, they listened to your feelings, emotions, doubts, and opinions. | |||||
Item | Factor | During last immediate postpartum (up to 40 days after labor) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
I3 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the healthcare procedures that you and your newborn should have for a healthy postpartum period. | |||||
I6 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the administrative steps you had to take to ensure your healthcare. | |||||
I9 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information about the medical procedures that were performed on you. | |||||
I11 | 1 | You had sufficient and clear information to initiate and maintain breastfeeding in a correct and painless way. | |||||
I47 | 2 | Confidentiality of information about your and your newborn’s health status was maintained during healthcare. | |||||
I49 | 2 | You consider that some of the healthcare practices you received may have been both uncomfortable and unnecessary (application of bandages, among others). | |||||
I17 | 3 | You were asked for your written consent for healthcare procedures that involved invasion of your body (dressings, tubal ligation, or ultrasound). | |||||
I29 | 4 | In the case of having requested family support or accompaniment during healthcare, they were you allowed access. If you never requested it, check option “4”. | |||||
I23 | 5 | They respected your decisions on self-care and newborn care behaviors that were not risky for either of you (type of contraception, type of breastfeeding, among others). | |||||
I32 | 5 | Health professionals performed or allowed to you to perform actions to control pain (medication, application of compresses, etc.). | |||||
I37 | 5 | During healthcare, they listened to your feelings, emotions, doubts, and opinions. |
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Item | Mean | SD | SEM | Median | Q1 | Q3 | Range | Skew | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I1 | 3.19 | 1.28 | 0.09 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.37 | 0.42 |
I2 | 2.96 | 1.41 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.05 | −0.40 |
I3 | 2.90 | 1.38 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.90 | −0.66 |
I4 | 2.91 | 1.42 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.01 | −0.46 |
I5 | 2.81 | 1.46 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.87 | −0.76 |
I6 | 2.72 | 1.47 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.74 | −0.97 |
I7 | 3.23 | 1.28 | 0.09 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.50 | 0.78 |
I9 | 3.06 | 1.37 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.21 | −0.03 |
I11 | 2.97 | 1.42 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.05 | −0.44 |
I13 | 3.03 | 1.41 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.12 | −0.27 |
I15 | 2.57 | 1.69 | 0.12 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.58 | −1.43 |
I16 | 2.63 | 1.67 | 0.12 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.63 | −1.37 |
I17 | 2.48 | 1.74 | 0.13 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.50 | −1.55 |
I22 | 3.48 | 1.04 | 0.08 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −2.02 | 3.05 |
I23 | 3.48 | 1.01 | 0.07 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −2.02 | 3.19 |
I27 | 3.06 | 1.48 | 0.11 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.15 | −0.37 |
I28 | 3.08 | 1.51 | 0.11 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.23 | −0.25 |
I29 | 3.27 | 1.31 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.51 | 0.71 |
I31 | 3.01 | 1.45 | 0.11 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.10 | −0.40 |
I32 | 3.11 | 1.39 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.28 | 0.09 |
I35 | 2.95 | 1.38 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −1.04 | −0.37 |
I36 | 2.75 | 1.49 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.78 | −0.95 |
I37 | 2.78 | 1.49 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −0.84 | −0.85 |
I42 | 3.58 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −2.67 | 6.23 |
I45 | 3.73 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −3.35 | 11.57 |
I46 | 3.66 | 0.88 | 0.06 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −3.03 | 8.71 |
I47 | 3.68 | 0.83 | 0.06 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −3.12 | 9.77 |
I49 | 3.66 | 0.92 | 0.07 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −3.02 | 8.52 |
I50 | 3.63 | 0.99 | 0.07 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4 | −2.72 | 6.30 |
Mean | SD | SEM | Median | Q1 | Q3 | Range | Skew | Kurtosis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | 2.97 | 1.09 | 0.08 | 3.22 | 2.56 | 3.89 | 4.00 | −1.12 | 0.30 |
Factor 2 | 3.66 | 0.66 | 0.05 | 4.00 | 3.50 | 4.00 | 4.00 | −3.26 | 12.22 |
Factor 3 | 2.68 | 1.41 | 0.10 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | −0.57 | −1.23 |
Factor 4 | 3.14 | 1.28 | 0.09 | 4.00 | 2.33 | 4.00 | 4.00 | −1.24 | 0.16 |
Factor 5 | 3.08 | 0.96 | 0.07 | 3.43 | 2.43 | 4.00 | 4.00 | −0.98 | 0.30 |
FMR | 15.53 | 3.86 | 0.28 | 16.48 | 13.52 | 18.55 | 17.67 | −1.13 | 0.82 |
Factor 1 std | 23.37 | 8.71 | 0.64 | 25.96 | 20.12 | 30.88 | 31.48 | −1.11 | 0.23 |
Factor 2 std | 17.76 | 3.33 | 0.24 | 19.40 | 17.48 | 19.40 | 19.40 | −3.28 | 11.91 |
Factor 3 std | 9.86 | 5.27 | 0.39 | 11.32 | 3.83 | 14.80 | 14.80 | −0.56 | −1.26 |
Factor 4 std | 8.76 | 3.57 | 0.26 | 11.16 | 6.61 | 11.16 | 11.16 | −1.25 | 0.18 |
Factor 5 std | 19.34 | 6.06 | 0.45 | 21.52 | 14.76 | 25.12 | 25.12 | −0.97 | 0.28 |
FMR std | 56.40 | 14.41 | 1.06 | 61.37 | 49.18 | 66.39 | 63.53 | −1.19 | 0.79 |
Factor 1 Information | Factor 2 Privacy | Factor 3 Consent | Factor 4 Support | Factor 5 Participation | FMR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AVE | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.79 |
MSV | 0.41 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.41 | - |
ASV | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.49 | - |
Omega | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.97 |
Alpha | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.93 |
Non-Intended Pregnancy | Intended Pregnancy | p | Vaginal | C-Section | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | 2.89 [1.56; 3.33] | 3.33 [2.64; 4.00] | 0.048 | 3.33 [2.67; 3.89] | 3.11 [2.44; 3.89] | 0.350 |
Factor 2 | 3.83 [3.33; 4.00] | 4.00 [3.67; 4.00] | 0.117 | 3.83 [3.50; 4.00] | 4.00 [3.67; 4.00] | 0.113 |
Factor 3 | 3.00 [1.75; 4.00] | 3.25 [1.00; 4.00] | 0.523 | 3.00 [1.00; 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00; 4.00] | 0.395 |
Factor 4 | 4.00 [3.00; 4.00] | 4.00 [2.58; 4.00] | 0.408 | 3.00 [1.00; 4.00] | 4.00 [2.42; 4.00] | 0.460 |
Factor 5 | 3.29 [2.14; 3.71] | 3.50 [2.39; 4.00] | 0.250 | 3.43 [2.43; 4.00] | 3.29 [2.29; 4.00] | 0.961 |
FMR | 16.0 [12.1; 17.2] | 16.7 [13.8; 18.7] | 0.157 | 16.4 [13.1; 18.5] | 16.7 [13.8; 18.6] | 0.682 |
Uncomplicated pregnancy | Complicated pregnancy | p | Uncomplicated postpartum | Complicated postpartum | p | |
Factor 1 | 3.33 [2.67; 4.00] | 3.22 [2.25; 3.78] | 0.340 | 3.33 [2.67; 4.00] | 2.89 [2.11; 3.67] | 0.103 |
Factor 2 | 4.00 [3.50; 4.00] | 4.00 [3.50; 4.00] | 0.654 | 4.00 [3.50; 4.00] | 3.83 [3.50; 4.00] | 0.238 |
Factor 3 | 3.00 [1.00; 4.00] | 3.12 [2.00; 4.00] | 0.429 | 3.50 [1.25; 4.00] | 2.25 [1.00; 3.75] | 0.084 |
Factor 4 | 4.00 [2.33; 4.00] | 4.00 [2.42; 4.00] | 0.774 | 4.00 [2.92; 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00; 4.00] | 0.012 |
Factor 5 | 3.57 [2.43; 4.00] | 3.07 [2.29; 3.71] | 0.078 | 3.57 [2.43; 4.00] | 2.86 [2.14; 3.57] | 0.002 |
FMR | 16.6 [13.8; 18.7] | 16.4 [13.3; 18.1] | 0.505 | 16.7 [13.9; 18.7] | 14.7 [12.7; 17.1] | 0.005 |
Uncomplicated pregnancy | Complicated pregnancy | p | ||||
Factor 1 | 3.22 [2.50; 4.00] | 3.17 [2.67; 3.67] | 0.539 | |||
Factor 2 | 4.00 [3.50; 4.00] | 4.00 [3.50; 4.00] | 0.739 | |||
Factor 3 | 3.00 [1.00; 4.00] | 3.12 [1.44; 4.00] | 0.968 | |||
Factor 4 | 4.00 [2.33; 4.00] | 4.00 [2.25; 4.00] | 0.605 | |||
Factor 5 | 3.43 [2.43; 4.00] | 3.07 [2.32; 3.71] | 0.495 | |||
FMR | 16.6 [13.5; 18.6] | 16.4 [14.1; 18.1] | 0.618 |
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Silva-Fernández, C.S.; de la Calle, M.; Camacho, P.A.; Arribas, S.M.; Garrosa, E.; Ramiro-Cortijo, D. Psychometric Reliability to Assess the Perception of Women’s Fulfillment of Maternity Rights. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14, 2248-2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080150
Silva-Fernández CS, de la Calle M, Camacho PA, Arribas SM, Garrosa E, Ramiro-Cortijo D. Psychometric Reliability to Assess the Perception of Women’s Fulfillment of Maternity Rights. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2024; 14(8):2248-2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080150
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva-Fernández, Claudia Susana, María de la Calle, Paul Anthony Camacho, Silvia M. Arribas, Eva Garrosa, and David Ramiro-Cortijo. 2024. "Psychometric Reliability to Assess the Perception of Women’s Fulfillment of Maternity Rights" European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 14, no. 8: 2248-2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080150
APA StyleSilva-Fernández, C. S., de la Calle, M., Camacho, P. A., Arribas, S. M., Garrosa, E., & Ramiro-Cortijo, D. (2024). Psychometric Reliability to Assess the Perception of Women’s Fulfillment of Maternity Rights. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(8), 2248-2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080150