Endovascular Infection with Salmonella Group C—A Case Report

Introduction: The risk of secondary endovascular infections after bacteremia with Salmonella spp. is augmented by preexisting atherosclerotic arterial lesions. Over the age of 50, the incidence varies between 25 and 35%. Case report: A 57‐year‐old male, smoker, alcohol user, in poor social condition, was hospitalized for fever, malaise, left leg persistent thrombophlebitis, coxofemoral and back pain. His medical history was significant for recent sepsis with Salmonella group C, and a recent diagnosis of hepatitis C. During the antibiotic treatment, he complained of a left inguinal tumor, corresponding to a paravertebral image along the left psoas muscle identified by abdominal computed tomography. A paravertebral hematoma and an aneurysm of the left aortoiliac junction were repaired by surgery. The culture of the aneurysm was positive for Salmonella group C. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of lower limb persistent thrombophlebitis should consider the compression by abdominal aneurysm, consequent to a vascular complication from bacteremia with Salmonella spp.