Magnetic Dipole and Thermal Radiation Impacts on Stagnation Point Flow of Micropolar Based Nanofluids over a Vertically Stretching Sheet: Finite Element Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Formulation (Magnetization+)
3. Numerical Procedure
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The velocity decelerate against the exceeding of ferromagnetic interaction parameter in both cases (opposing and assisting), while an opposite behavior is noted in micro rotation profile.
- The micro rotation and velocity enhance against the rising of microrotation concentration , injection , and buoyancy forces( parameters in assisting case, but the inverse behaviour is reported in opposing case.
- The microrotation and velocity reduce along growing of micropolar material, and suction () parameters in case of assisting, but opposite phenomena is seen in case of opposing.
- The distribution of temperature shows a rising along the growing of the Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Biot number, and radiation parameters, while the temperature declined with the elevation of Prandtl number, and rate of heat transfer is lower in assisting case.
- The tiny particles concentration distribution demonstrates a decrease along the raising of Prandtl number, and Brownian motion, while the non-dimensional concentration enhance with upgrading of radiation, Biot number, and thermophoresis parameters. Moreover, it is noted that the impact of opposing case on the non-dimensional concentration profile is high as compared to assisting case.
- The Sherwood and Nusselt numbers coefficient rate become smaller against higher K in assisting case, but opposing case exhibit inverse trend, and decreased by mean of rising in opposing case, but reverse phenomena is reported in assisting case.
- An increase in thermophoresis and material parameters, decline in Nusselt number is noted, and Sherwood number show an opposite affects along elevation of K.
- The skin friction factor rise, by mean of growing and K in assisting case, but opposing case exhibits an opposite trend. Additionally, the rate of couple stress increased against rising of and m in assisting case, but opposing case shows inverse behavior.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
non-dimensional temperature | |
curie temperature | |
non-dimensional nanoparticles concentration | |
Concentration at surface | |
micro-rotation | |
g | gravitational acceleration |
temperature away from the surface | |
velocity of stretching sheet | |
concentration away from the surface | |
free stream | |
skin friction | |
Velocity components | |
Nusselt number | |
dynamic viscosity | |
Sherwood number | |
vortex viscosity, | |
Brownian motion parameter | |
spin gradient viscosity | |
thermophoresis parameter | |
Density of fluid | |
Thermophoretic diffusion coefficient | |
Brownian diffusion coefficient | |
Base fluid heat capacity | |
thermal diffusivity | |
j | micro-inertia |
coefficient of thermal expansion | |
coefficient of nanoparticle volumetric | |
Stefan Boltzman constant | |
b | distance |
pyromagnetic coefficient | |
ferrohydrodynamic interaction variable | |
mixed convection variable | |
dimensionless Curie temperature | |
Prandtl number | |
suction/injection | |
radiation variable | |
Lewis number | |
constant | |
Eckert number | |
C | Biot number |
local Renolds number | |
K | material parameter. |
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n | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 1.746747 | 1.028292 | 0.002454 | 0.036199 | 0.017874 |
60 | 1.746657 | 1.028291 | 0.002451 | 0.036194 | 0.017859 |
100 | 1.746611 | 1.028289 | 0.002453 | 0.036191 | 0.017855 |
130 | 1.746598 | 1.028289 | 0.002453 | 0.036191 | 0.017855 |
200 | 1.746592 | 1.028289 | 0.002453 | 0.036190 | 0.017854 |
300 | 1.746588 | 1.028289 | 0.002453 | 0.036190 | 0.017854 |
400 | 1.746587 | 1.028289 | 0.002453 | 0.036190 | 0.017854 |
R | Ref. [56] | Ref. [57] | Ref. [58] | Ref. [59] | FEM (Current Outcomes) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | −0.9694 | −0.9694 | −0.96938 | −0.9694 | −0.969384 |
0.2 | −0.9181 | −0.9181 | −0.91810 | −0.9181 | −0.918104 |
0.5 | −0.6673 | −0.6673 | −0.66726 | −0.6673 | −0.667262 |
2.0 | 2.0175 | 2.0175 | 2.01750 | 2.0176 | 2.017506 |
3.0 | 4.7294 | 4.7293 | 4.72928 | 4.7296 | 4.729308 |
K | R | Ref. [57] | Ref. [60] | Ref. [61] | FEM (Our Results) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0 | 0.0 | - | −1.000000 | −1.000172 | −1.000006 | −0.7602798 |
1.0 | - | - | −1.367872 | −1.367902 | −1.367994 | −0.8217714 |
2.0 | - | - | −1.621225 | −1.621938 | −1.621573 | −0.8495453 |
4.0 | - | - | −2.004133 | −2.007341 | −2.005420 | −0.8781049 |
0.0 | 0.1 | −0.777 | - | - | −0.969384 | −0.7767970 |
- | 0.2 | −0.797 | - | - | −0.918104 | −0.7971178 |
- | 0.5 | −0.863 | - | - | −0.667262 | −0.8647908 |
- | 2.0 | −1.171 | - | - | 2.0175063 | −1.1781084 |
- | 3.0 | −1.341 | - | - | 4.7293083 | −1.3519641 |
Nt | Ref. [60] | FEM (Our Results) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.9524 | 2.1294 | 0.952363 | 2.129370 |
0.2 | 0.6932 | 2.2740 | 0.693164 | 2.273999 |
0.3 | 0.5201 | 2.5286 | 0.520071 | 2.528613 |
0.4 | 0.4026 | 2.7952 | 0.402574 | 2.795141 |
0.5 | 0.3211 | 3.0351 | 0.321051 | 3.035102 |
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Khan, S.A.; Ali, B.; Eze, C.; Lau, K.T.; Ali, L.; Chen, J.; Zhao, J. Magnetic Dipole and Thermal Radiation Impacts on Stagnation Point Flow of Micropolar Based Nanofluids over a Vertically Stretching Sheet: Finite Element Approach. Processes 2021, 9, 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9071089
Khan SA, Ali B, Eze C, Lau KT, Ali L, Chen J, Zhao J. Magnetic Dipole and Thermal Radiation Impacts on Stagnation Point Flow of Micropolar Based Nanofluids over a Vertically Stretching Sheet: Finite Element Approach. Processes. 2021; 9(7):1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9071089
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Shahid Ali, Bagh Ali, Chiak Eze, Kwun Ting Lau, Liaqat Ali, Jingtan Chen, and Jiyun Zhao. 2021. "Magnetic Dipole and Thermal Radiation Impacts on Stagnation Point Flow of Micropolar Based Nanofluids over a Vertically Stretching Sheet: Finite Element Approach" Processes 9, no. 7: 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9071089