Nanoemulsions: Factory for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics

Azmi, Nor Azrini Nadiha; Elgharbawy, Amal A. M.; Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei; Samsudin, Nurhusna; Salleh, Hamzah Mohd.

doi:10.3390/pr7090617

Open AccessReview

Nanoemulsions: Factory for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics

by

Nor Azrini Nadiha Azmi

¹,

Amal A. M. Elgharbawy

^1,*

,

Shiva Rezaei Motlagh

²,

Nurhusna Samsudin

¹ and

Hamzah Mohd. Salleh

^1,*

¹

International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia

²

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Processes 2019, 7(9), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7090617

Submission received: 29 June 2019 / Revised: 24 August 2019 / Accepted: 31 August 2019 / Published: 11 September 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Sustainable Chemical Processes)

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Abstract

Nanotechnology, particularly nanoemulsions (NEs), have gained increasing interest from researchers throughout the years. The small-sized droplet with a high surface area makes NEs important in many industries. In this review article, the components, properties, formation, and applications are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages are also described in this article. The formation of the nanosized emulsion can be divided into two types: high and low energy methods. In high energy methods, high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, and ultrasonic emulsification are described thoroughly. Spontaneous emulsification, phase inversion temperature (PIT), phase inversion composition (PIC), and the less known D-phase emulsification (DPE) methods are emphasized in low energy methods. The applications of NEs are described in three main areas which are food, cosmetics, and drug delivery.

Keywords: nanoemulsions (NEs); oil-in-water; ultrasonication; homogenization; cosmetics; pharmaceutical

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MDPI and ACS Style

Azmi, N.A.N.; Elgharbawy, A.A.M.; Motlagh, S.R.; Samsudin, N.; Salleh, H.M. Nanoemulsions: Factory for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics. Processes 2019, 7, 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7090617

AMA Style

Azmi NAN, Elgharbawy AAM, Motlagh SR, Samsudin N, Salleh HM. Nanoemulsions: Factory for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics. Processes. 2019; 7(9):617. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7090617

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azmi, Nor Azrini Nadiha, Amal A. M. Elgharbawy, Shiva Rezaei Motlagh, Nurhusna Samsudin, and Hamzah Mohd. Salleh. 2019. "Nanoemulsions: Factory for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics" Processes 7, no. 9: 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7090617

APA Style

Azmi, N. A. N., Elgharbawy, A. A. M., Motlagh, S. R., Samsudin, N., & Salleh, H. M. (2019). Nanoemulsions: Factory for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics. Processes, 7(9), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7090617

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Nanoemulsions: Factory for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics

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