The Effect of Various Nanofluids on Absorption Intensification of CO2/SO2 in a Single-Bubble Column
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Apparatus
2.2.1. Nanofluid Preparation Instruments
2.2.2. Experimental Set-Up
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Nanofluid Preparation Procedure
2.3.2. Experimental Procedure
Sample Analysis Procedure
Measurement of Mass Transfer Parameters
Uncertainty Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Nanofluid Characterization
3.2. Absorption
3.2.1. Maximum Absorption
3.2.2. Probing of Mass Transfer Rate
3.2.3. Mass Transfer Coefficient
3.3. Diffusivity Coefficient
3.4. Correlation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Molar flux (mol/m2 s) | |
Gas concentration at liquid bulk (mol/m3) | |
The observed gas concentration at gas-liquid interface (mol/m3) | |
Volume of nanofluid in the single bubble absorber (m3) | |
Number of bubbles | |
Average rising time for one bubble through the column (s) | |
Average radius of bubbles (m) | |
Mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase (m/s) | |
Diffusion coefficient (m2/s) | |
Diffusion layer thickness (mm) | |
Renewal surface factor (1/s) | |
Reb | Reynolds number (Ubdb/ʋnf) |
Sc | Schmidt number (ʋnf/Dnf) |
Sh | Sherwood number (kLdb/Dnf) |
Diameter of bubbles raising through nanofluid (m) | |
Volume fraction (%) | |
w | Mass fraction (%) |
Density (kg/m3) | |
Kinematic viscosity (m2/s) | |
Constant value for calculation of Brownian momentum transfer | |
Reff | Relative absorption rate (Nnf/Nbf) |
M | HCl molarity (mol/lit) |
Constant value as a function of nanoparticles density, temperature, volume fraction, mean diameter, heat capacity, and Boltzmann constant. | |
Mo | Momentum that can be transferred by means of nanoparticle random motion |
Subscript | |
Nanofluid | |
Basefluid | |
Nanoparticles | |
B | Bubble |
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Properties | SiO2 NPs | Al2O3 NPs | Fe2O3 NPs |
---|---|---|---|
Molecular weight (g/mol) | 60.08 | 101.96 | 159.69 |
Density (g/cm3) | 2.196 | 3.980 | 5.242 |
Melting point (°C) | 1713 | 2054 | 1539 |
Appearance | White solid powder | White solid powder | Red-brown solid powder |
Absorbent | SO2 Absorption | CO2 Absorption | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water (bf) | 1.871 × 10−5 | 1.000 | 1.566 × 10−5 | 1.000 | ||
SiO2/water | 1.0 | 2.983 × 10−5 | 1.594 | 0.01 | 2.774 × 10−5 | 1.771 |
Al2O3/water | 0.1 | 2.445 × 10−5 | 1.307 | 0.1 | 2.098 × 10−5 | 1.340 |
Fe2O3/water | 0.1 | 3.312 × 10−5 | 1.770 | 1.0 | 2.566 × 10−5 | 1.638 |
Gas | Absorbent | ||
---|---|---|---|
CO2 | Water (BF) | 1.030 | 1.00 |
Water/SiO2 NF | 1.935 | 1.88 | |
Water/Fe2O3 NF | 2.324 | 2.03 | |
Water/Al2O3 NF | 2.092 | 2.17 | |
SO2 | Water (BF) | 1.450 | 1.00 |
Water/SiO2 NF | 2.493 | 1.71 | |
Water/Fe2O3 NF | 2.186 | 1.42 | |
Water/Al2O3 NF | 2.063 | 1.50 |
Gas | Absorbent | D, (m2/s) | Sc | Reb | Sh. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 | Water/SiO2 | 5.38 × 10−9 | 8.899 × 10−7 | 165 | 1298 | 234 |
Water/Fe2O3 | 7.76 × 10−9 | 8.864 × 10−7 | 114 | 1303 | 195 | |
Water/Al2O3 | 6.28 × 10−9 | 8.451 × 10−7 | 135 | 1367 | 217 | |
Deionized water | 2.12 × 10−9 | 8.900 × 10−7 | 420 | 1298 | 316 | |
SO2 | Water/SiO2 | 8.89 × 10−9 | 8.706 × 10−7 | 98 | 1327 | 182 |
Water/Fe2O3 | 6.85 × 10−9 | 8.864 × 10−7 | 129 | 1303 | 207 | |
Water/Al2O3 | 6.12 × 10−9 | 8.852 × 10−7 | 145 | 1305 | 219 | |
Deionized water | 5.27 × 10−9 | 8.900 × 10−7 | 169 | 1298 | 179 |
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Karamian, S.; Mowla, D.; Esmaeilzadeh, F. The Effect of Various Nanofluids on Absorption Intensification of CO2/SO2 in a Single-Bubble Column. Processes 2019, 7, 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070393
Karamian S, Mowla D, Esmaeilzadeh F. The Effect of Various Nanofluids on Absorption Intensification of CO2/SO2 in a Single-Bubble Column. Processes. 2019; 7(7):393. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070393
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaramian, Soroush, Dariush Mowla, and Feridun Esmaeilzadeh. 2019. "The Effect of Various Nanofluids on Absorption Intensification of CO2/SO2 in a Single-Bubble Column" Processes 7, no. 7: 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7070393