RETRACTED: Bin Irfan, M.W.; Busahmin, B. Rheological Characterization and Shale Inhibition Potential of Single- and Dual-Nanomaterial-Based Drilling Fluids for High-Pressure High-Temperature Wells. Processes 2025, 13, 1957

The journal retracts the article titled “Rheological Characterization and Shale Inhibition Potential of Single- and Dual-Nanomaterial-Based Drilling Fluids for High-Pressure High-Temperature Wells” [1], cited above.

Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the accuracy of several references cited in this paper [1].

In accordance with the journal’s standard procedures, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board conducted an investigation that confirmed the presence of a significant number of non-existent references, which were determined to undermine the overall reliability of this study. In addition, the investigation identified indications of generative-AI use in the preparation of the manuscript without appropriate transparency or disclosure, as required per MDPI’s GenAI policy. Although the authors cooperated in the investigation, the Editorial Board deemed the explanations and supporting materials provided insufficient for resolving the concerns identified. As a result, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy.

This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Processes.

The authors have been informed of this retraction but did not provide a comment on this decision.