Next Article in Journal
Automated Co-Design Methodology for DC/DC Buck Power Stage and Sliding-Mode Controller to Meet Performance Specifications
Previous Article in Journal
Well-Log-Interpreted Reservoir Parameters Assisted Evaluation of Hydrophobically Modified Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Processes
Volume 14
Issue 13
10.3390/pr14132148
processes-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Sustainable Mordant-Free Dyeing of Nylon with Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract: Process Optimization, Dye–Fiber Interaction, and Fastness Performance

by
Badhon C. Mazumder
1,
Abdullah Al Fariz
1,
Mohammad Mosharof Hossain
1,
Sahin Alom Momin
1,
Md. Koushic Uddin
2,3,
Md. Himel Mahmud
1,
Mohammad Mahbubul Alam
2,3,* and
Carola Esposito Corcione
3,*
1
Department of Textile Engineering, Northern University Bangladesh, Ashkona, Dakshinkhan, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
2
Department of Textile Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
3
Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2026, 14(13), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132148
Submission received: 22 May 2026 / Revised: 17 June 2026 / Accepted: 30 June 2026 / Published: 1 July 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Separation Processes)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The increasing demand for cleaner coloration of synthetic textiles has renewed interest in plant-based dyes; however, limited dye–fiber affinity and shade durability remain major challenges in nylon dyeing. This study developed a mordant-free dyeing process for nylon fabric using Terminalia catappa leaf extract by optimizing extraction pH, dyebath pH, dyeing time, and temperature. Mature T. catappa leaves were aqueously extracted under acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions, followed by systematic dyeing optimization. The dyed fabrics were evaluated using color strength (K/S), CIELAB color coordinates, standard fastness tests, FTIR spectroscopy, and FE-SEM analysis. Alkaline extraction followed by acidic dyeing produced the highest dye uptake. The optimum condition was extraction pH 11, dyebath pH 3, 120 °C, and 60 min, yielding a maximum K/S value of 21.94 with ΔL, Δa, and Δb values of −54.25, 8.03, and 24.92, respectively. FTIR and SEM results supported possible dye–fiber interaction through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and surface/inter-filament dye deposition without obvious fiber damage. The optimized fabric showed very good washing, dry rubbing, perspiration, and saliva fastness, good light fastness, excellent ultraviolet protection, and slightly lower wet rubbing fastness. Overall, T. catappa leaf extract offers a promising mordant-free route for durable nylon coloration.
Keywords: Terminalia catappa leaf extract; natural dyeing; nylon; mordant-free dyeing; process optimization; color fastness; textile coloration Terminalia catappa leaf extract; natural dyeing; nylon; mordant-free dyeing; process optimization; color fastness; textile coloration

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mazumder, B.C.; Fariz, A.A.; Hossain, M.M.; Momin, S.A.; Uddin, M.K.; Mahmud, M.H.; Alam, M.M.; Esposito Corcione, C. Sustainable Mordant-Free Dyeing of Nylon with Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract: Process Optimization, Dye–Fiber Interaction, and Fastness Performance. Processes 2026, 14, 2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132148

AMA Style

Mazumder BC, Fariz AA, Hossain MM, Momin SA, Uddin MK, Mahmud MH, Alam MM, Esposito Corcione C. Sustainable Mordant-Free Dyeing of Nylon with Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract: Process Optimization, Dye–Fiber Interaction, and Fastness Performance. Processes. 2026; 14(13):2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132148

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mazumder, Badhon C., Abdullah Al Fariz, Mohammad Mosharof Hossain, Sahin Alom Momin, Md. Koushic Uddin, Md. Himel Mahmud, Mohammad Mahbubul Alam, and Carola Esposito Corcione. 2026. "Sustainable Mordant-Free Dyeing of Nylon with Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract: Process Optimization, Dye–Fiber Interaction, and Fastness Performance" Processes 14, no. 13: 2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132148

APA Style

Mazumder, B. C., Fariz, A. A., Hossain, M. M., Momin, S. A., Uddin, M. K., Mahmud, M. H., Alam, M. M., & Esposito Corcione, C. (2026). Sustainable Mordant-Free Dyeing of Nylon with Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract: Process Optimization, Dye–Fiber Interaction, and Fastness Performance. Processes, 14(13), 2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14132148

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop