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Volume 13
Issue 8
10.3390/pr13082561
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Two-Layer Factor and Cloud Model-Based Approach to Reliability Allocation

by
Zhifeng Li
1,2,
Bing Zhang
1,*,
Ming Wang
1 and
Bo Sun
2
1
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment, China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518172, China
2
School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(8), 2561; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082561
Submission received: 2 July 2025 / Revised: 2 August 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 13 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Traditional reliability allocation methods face three inherent limitations: (1) the insufficient consideration of influencing factors, (2) the equal treatment of impact factors, and (3) the presence of fuzzy information. To overcome these issues, we propose an integrated reliability allocation method that combines a two-layer integrated factors framework with a cloud model. First, a two-layer framework of influencing factors was constructed, and a mathematical model for global evaluation based on these factors was developed, along with an indicator allocation model derived from the evaluation model. The cloud model was employed to quantitatively express experts’ linguistic evaluations, eliminating the influence of randomness and fuzzinessin the assessment process. Both theoretical analysis and practical examples show that the proposed method outperforms three other reliability allocation methods.
Keywords: reliability allocation; integrated factors method; cloud model; grey relational method reliability allocation; integrated factors method; cloud model; grey relational method

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Z.; Zhang, B.; Wang, M.; Sun, B. A Two-Layer Factor and Cloud Model-Based Approach to Reliability Allocation. Processes 2025, 13, 2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082561

AMA Style

Li Z, Zhang B, Wang M, Sun B. A Two-Layer Factor and Cloud Model-Based Approach to Reliability Allocation. Processes. 2025; 13(8):2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082561

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Zhifeng, Bing Zhang, Ming Wang, and Bo Sun. 2025. "A Two-Layer Factor and Cloud Model-Based Approach to Reliability Allocation" Processes 13, no. 8: 2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082561

APA Style

Li, Z., Zhang, B., Wang, M., & Sun, B. (2025). A Two-Layer Factor and Cloud Model-Based Approach to Reliability Allocation. Processes, 13(8), 2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082561

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