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Volume 13
Issue 12
10.3390/pr13123782
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Study on the Shielding Effectiveness of Airborne Navigation Equipment Enclosures Under High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRFs)

by
Xin Li
1,2,†,
Hangyu Chen
1,†,
Chao Zhou
1,*,
Yifang Tan
1,*,
Junxiong Wang
1,
Yizhi Shen
1,
Yibing Wang
1 and
Juncheng Huang
1
1
Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
2
Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu 641419, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Processes 2025, 13(12), 3782; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123782 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 September 2025 / Revised: 5 November 2025 / Accepted: 12 November 2025 / Published: 23 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Complex Networks for Automation in Systems Engineering)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRFs) can cause severe interference to airborne GNSS equipment. This paper builds a CST model based on the real structure and evaluates shielding effectiveness (SE) with respect to frequency, material, polarization, angle of incidence, and aperture; anechoic-chamber tests combined with the DO-160G compliance method (Section 20, Class G) are then conducted, and this integrated scheme: (1) validates the simulation’s effectiveness and confirms the HIRF coupling risk; (2) reveals the GNSS failure mechanism—C/N0 decrease → DOP increase → loss of lock. Subsequently, an equation-based mechanism framework (cavity modes, slot/aperture coupling, waveguide-below-cutoff, thickness attenuation) is proposed, together with an effective-dimension correction, by which a single-point calibration can predict the remaining resonances. Accordingly, mechanism-aligned design strategies are provided (aperture control and honeycomb windows, geometric detuning and local absorbers, high-permeability inserts, multi-polarization and multi-directional protection), achieving predictable, verifiable, and quantifiable improvements in SE.
Keywords: High-Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF); electromagnetic compatibility; GNSS receiver; CST simulation High-Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF); electromagnetic compatibility; GNSS receiver; CST simulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, X.; Chen, H.; Zhou, C.; Tan, Y.; Wang, J.; Shen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Huang, J. Study on the Shielding Effectiveness of Airborne Navigation Equipment Enclosures Under High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRFs). Processes 2025, 13, 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123782

AMA Style

Li X, Chen H, Zhou C, Tan Y, Wang J, Shen Y, Wang Y, Huang J. Study on the Shielding Effectiveness of Airborne Navigation Equipment Enclosures Under High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRFs). Processes. 2025; 13(12):3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123782

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Xin, Hangyu Chen, Chao Zhou, Yifang Tan, Junxiong Wang, Yizhi Shen, Yibing Wang, and Juncheng Huang. 2025. "Study on the Shielding Effectiveness of Airborne Navigation Equipment Enclosures Under High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRFs)" Processes 13, no. 12: 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123782

APA Style

Li, X., Chen, H., Zhou, C., Tan, Y., Wang, J., Shen, Y., Wang, Y., & Huang, J. (2025). Study on the Shielding Effectiveness of Airborne Navigation Equipment Enclosures Under High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRFs). Processes, 13(12), 3782. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123782

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