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Volume 12
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10.3390/pr12071293
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Article

Decomposition of Organic Pollutants in Subcritical Water under Moderate Conditions

by
Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić
1,*,
Tanja Brezo-Borjan
1,
Sandra Jakšić
2,
Vesna Despotović
3,
Nina Finčur
3,
Szabolcs Bognár
3,
Dušica Jovanović
3 and
Daniela Šojić Merkulov
3
1
Faculty of Techology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenački put 20, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071293
Submission received: 30 May 2024 / Revised: 16 June 2024 / Accepted: 17 June 2024 / Published: 21 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment and Remediation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants)
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Abstract

In this research, the efficiency of degradation of different organic contaminant classes, including pesticides (tembotrione, clomazone), pharmaceuticals (ciprofloxacin, 17α-ethinyl estradiol) and mycotoxins (zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1) with subcritical water treatment was studied in model systems. All experiments were conducted in a house-made batch-type pilot reactor. The research was focused on the optimization of the treatment parameters using moderate treatment conditions. Optimization of the remediation processes of water contaminated with 17α-ethinyl estradiol, tembotrione, clomazone, and ciprofloxacin, was conducted through testing with different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, as well as different gas atmospheres (nitrogen and carbon dioxide) for pressurization of the process system. Mycotoxins in water were degraded without catalysts and all experiments were conducted in nitrogen atmosphere. Optimization was conducted through defining the optimal combination of the treatment temperature and time, oriented towards energy saving and minimization of the technical requirements. The degradation efficiency in all tested samples was determined via HPLC analysis. Study showed the full degradation of tembotrione and all tested mycotoxins at 200 °C without a need for a catalyst. The efficiency of degradation of other tested pollutants at 200 °C was satisfying and within the range of 89.5% (clomazone) to 98.7% (17α-ethinyl estradiol).
Keywords: water pollutants; remediation; subcritical water decomposition; pesticides; pharmaceuticals; mycotoxins water pollutants; remediation; subcritical water decomposition; pesticides; pharmaceuticals; mycotoxins

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MDPI and ACS Style

Švarc-Gajić, J.; Brezo-Borjan, T.; Jakšić, S.; Despotović, V.; Finčur, N.; Bognár, S.; Jovanović, D.; Šojić Merkulov, D. Decomposition of Organic Pollutants in Subcritical Water under Moderate Conditions. Processes 2024, 12, 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071293

AMA Style

Švarc-Gajić J, Brezo-Borjan T, Jakšić S, Despotović V, Finčur N, Bognár S, Jovanović D, Šojić Merkulov D. Decomposition of Organic Pollutants in Subcritical Water under Moderate Conditions. Processes. 2024; 12(7):1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071293

Chicago/Turabian Style

Švarc-Gajić, Jaroslava, Tanja Brezo-Borjan, Sandra Jakšić, Vesna Despotović, Nina Finčur, Szabolcs Bognár, Dušica Jovanović, and Daniela Šojić Merkulov. 2024. "Decomposition of Organic Pollutants in Subcritical Water under Moderate Conditions" Processes 12, no. 7: 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071293

APA Style

Švarc-Gajić, J., Brezo-Borjan, T., Jakšić, S., Despotović, V., Finčur, N., Bognár, S., Jovanović, D., & Šojić Merkulov, D. (2024). Decomposition of Organic Pollutants in Subcritical Water under Moderate Conditions. Processes, 12(7), 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071293

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