Simulation Analysis of the Characteristics of Layered Cores during Pulse Decay Tests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Definitions and Simulation Method
3. Characteristics of Pressure Curves
3.1. Pressure Curves of Two-Layer Cores
3.2. Pressure Curves of Three-Layer Cores
3.3. Pressure Curves of Multilayer Cores
4. Characteristics of Pressure Derivative Curves
4.1. Pressure Derivative Curves of Two-Layer Cores
4.2. Pressure Derivative Curves of Three-Layer Cores
4.3. Pressure Derivative Curves of Multilayer Cores
5. Permeability of Layered Cores
5.1. Permeability of Two-Layer Cores
5.2. Permeability of Three-Layer Cores
5.3. Permeability of Multilayer Cores
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
- Mansouri, M.; Parhiz, M.; Bayati, B.; Ahmadi, Y. Preparation of Nickel Oxide Supported Zeolite Catalyst (NiO/Na-ZSm-5) for Asphaltene Adsorption: A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study. Iran. J. Oil Gas Sci. Technol. 2021, 10, 63–89. [Google Scholar]
- Ahmadi, Y.; Aminshahidy, B. Inhibition of asphaltene precipitation by hydrophobic CaO and SiO2 nanoparticles during natural depletion and CO2 tests. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Technol. 2020, 24, 394–414. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, R.; Pandey, R. Investigation of various pressure transient techniques on permeability measurement of unconventional gas reservoirs. Transp. Porous Media 2017, 120, 495–514. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, F.; Bo, L.; Zhang, S.; Sun, Y. Nonlinear flow in low permeability reservoirs: Modelling and experimental verification. Adv. Geo-Energy Res. 2019, 3, 76–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, G.; Liu, X.; Huang, J. Theoretical Comparison of Test Performance of Different Pulse Decay Methods for Unconventional Cores. Energies 2020, 13, 4557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghanizadeh, A.; Gasparik, M.; Amann-Hildenbrand, A.; Gensterblum, Y.; Krooss, B.M. Experimental study of fluid transport processes in the matrix system of the European organic-rich shales: I. Scandinavian Alum Shale. Mar. Pet. Geol. 2014, 51, 79–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brace, W.F.; Walsh, J.B.; Frangos, W.T. Permeability of granite under high pressure. J. Geophys. Res. 1968, 73, 2225–2236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hsieh, P.A.; Tracy, J.V.; Neuzil, C.E.; Bredehoeft, J.D.; Silliman, S.E. A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of ‘tight’ rocks-I. Theory. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 1981, 18, 245–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jones, S.C. A technique for faster pulse-decay permeability measurements in tight rocks. SPE Eval. Form 1997, 12, 19–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Nolte, S.; Tian, Z.; Amann-Hildenbrand, A.; Krooss, B.; Wang, M. A modified pulse-decay approach to simultaneously measure permeability and porosity of tight rocks. Energy Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 2354–2363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, Y.; Wang, C.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Q. A Method of Differentiating the Early-Time and Late-Time Behavior in Pressure-Pulse Decay Permeametry. Geofluids 2019, 2019, 1309042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Nolte, S.; Gaus, G.; Tian, Z.; Amann-Hildenbrand, A.; Krooss, B.; Wang, M. An Early-Time Solution of Pulse-Decay Method for Permeability Measurement of Tight Rocks. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2021, 126, e2021JB022422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Tian, Z.; Nolte, S.; Krooss, B.; Wang, M. An improved straight-line method for permeability and porosity determination for tight reservoirs using pulse-decay measurements. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2022, 105, 104708. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, Y.; Zhang, K.; Wang, C.; Bi, J. A large pressure pulse decay method to simultaneously measure permeability and compressibility of tight rocks. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2022, 98, 104395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Tian, Z.; Nolte, S.; Krooss, B.; Wang, M. Infuence of Equation Nonlinearity on Pulse-Decay Permeability Measurements of Tight Porous Media. Transp. Porous Media 2023, 148, 291–315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, Z.; Zhang, D.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, G.; Zhang, S.; Wang, M. Inertial solution for high-pressure-difference pulse-decay measurement through microporous media. J. Fluid Mech. 2023, 971, R1. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aljamaan, H.; Ismail, M.A.; Kovscek, A.R. Experimental investigation and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation of gas shale adsorption from the macro to the nano scale. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2017, 48, 119–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cui, X.; Bustion, A.M.M.; Bustion, R.M. Measurements of gas permeability and diffusivity of tight reservoir rocks: Different approaches and their applications. Geofluids 2009, 9, 208–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, G.; Chen, Y.; Liu, X. Investigation of Analysis Methods for Pulse Decay Tests Considering Gas Adsorption. Energies 2019, 12, 2562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, H.; Liu, H.H. Pressure pulse-decay tests in a dual-continuum medium: An improved technique to estimate flow parameters. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2019, 65, 16–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, H.; Lai, B.; Chen, J.; Georgi, D. Pressure pulse-decay tests in a dual-continuum medium: Late-time behavior. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 2016, 147, 292–301. [Google Scholar]
- Jia, B.; Tsau, J.; Barati, R. Experimental and numerical investigations of permeability in heterogeneous fractured tight porous media. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2018, 58, 216–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jia, B.; Tsau, J.; Barati, R.; Zhang, F. Impact of Heterogeneity on the transient gas flow process in tight rock. Energies 2019, 12, 3559. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alnoaimi, K.R.; Duchateau, C.; Kovscek, A.R. Characterization and measurement of multiscale gas transport in shale-core samples. SPE J. 2016, 21, 573–588. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alnoaimi, K.R.; Kovscek, A.R. Influence of microcracks on flow and storage capacities of gas shales at core scale. Transp. Porous Med. 2019, 127, 53–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cronin, M.B.; Flemings, P.B.; Bhandari, A.R. Dual-permeability microstratigraphy in the Barnett Shale. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2016, 142, 119–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhandari, A.R.; Flemings, P.B.; Polito, P.J.; Cronin, M.B.; Bryant, S.L. Anisotropy and Stress Dependence of Permeability in the Barnett Shale. Transp. Porous Med. 2015, 108, 393–411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cronin, M.B. Core-Scale Heterogeneity and Dual-Permeability Pore Structure in the Barnett Shale. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Kamath, J.; Boyer, R.E.; Nakagawa, F.M. Characterization of core-scale heterogeneities using laboratory pressure transients. SPE Eval. Form 1992, 7, 219–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ning, X.; Fan, J.; Holditch, S.A.; Lee, W.J. The measurement of matrix and fracture properties in naturally fractured cores. In Proceedings of the Low Permeability Reservoirs Symposium, Denver, CO, USA, 26–28 April 1993. [Google Scholar]
- Han, G.; Sun, L.; Liu, Y.; Zhou, S. Analysis method of pulse decay tests for dual-porosity cores. J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 2018, 59, 274–286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Z.; Ripepi, N.; Chen, C. Using pressure pulse decay experiments and a novel multi-physics shale transport model to study the role of Klinkenberg effect and effective stress on the apparent permeability of shales. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2020, 189, 107010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, S.Q.; Yin, P.F.; Xu, S.B. Permeability Evolution Characteristics of Intact and Fractured Shale Specimens. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2021, 54, 6057–6076. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Author | Year | Contribution |
---|---|---|
Brace et al. [7] | 1968 | The pulse decay testing method was firstly used to measure core permeability. |
Hsieh et al. [8] | 1981 | An accurate analytical solution for pulse decay testing was proposed. |
Kamath et al. [29] | 1992 | The earliest research on pulse decay testing of fractured and heterogeneous cores. |
Ning et al. [30] | 1993 | An analytical method for pulse decay testing of core with penetrating fractures is presented. |
Jones [9] | 1997 | Proposed the most popular semi-logarithmic analysis method for pulse decay testing. |
Cui et al. [18] | 2009 | Proposed an analysis method considering gas adsorption for pulse decay testing. |
Bhandari et al. [27] | 2015 | The horizontal and vertical permeability of shale were measured by pulse decay method. |
Cronin et al. | 2016 | Pulse decay tests were conducted on alternating layers of silty claystone and claystone cores, and anisotropic permeability and dual-permeability phenomena were observed. |
Han et al. [31] | 2018 | The pressure derivative analysis method was proposed for the analysis of pulse decay testing. |
Alnoaimi et al. [24] | 2019 | Comparative study of He and CO2 flows through shale cores using pulse decay tests. |
Tian et al. [16] | 2023 | Takes the inertial effect and gas slippage effect caused by large differential pressures into account. |
Wang et al. [15] | 2023 | Obtained an analytical solution for the late time stage considering pressure-dependent permeability. |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Chen, H.; Liu, Y.; Cheng, P.; Zhu, X.; Han, G. Simulation Analysis of the Characteristics of Layered Cores during Pulse Decay Tests. Processes 2024, 12, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010146
Chen H, Liu Y, Cheng P, Zhu X, Han G. Simulation Analysis of the Characteristics of Layered Cores during Pulse Decay Tests. Processes. 2024; 12(1):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010146
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Haobo, Yongqian Liu, Pengda Cheng, Xinguang Zhu, and Guofeng Han. 2024. "Simulation Analysis of the Characteristics of Layered Cores during Pulse Decay Tests" Processes 12, no. 1: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010146
APA StyleChen, H., Liu, Y., Cheng, P., Zhu, X., & Han, G. (2024). Simulation Analysis of the Characteristics of Layered Cores during Pulse Decay Tests. Processes, 12(1), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010146