Battery Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Full-Electric Marine Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Target Ship and Requirements
- The battery system is integrated into the vessel through a DC link with a fixed voltage of 1000 V.
- The battery cells operate within the state of charge (SOC) of 90–10%. In other words, the maximum depth of discharge (DOD) is 80%.
- The battery system has to fulfill 10 years of operation.
3. Baseline Battery System and HESS Topologies
4. Specifications of Battery Cells and DC/DC Converter
5. Battery Lifetime Model
6. Sizing Methodology
6.1. Energy Management Strategy
6.2. Sizing Flowchart
7. Results and Discussion
7.1. Battery Cost Analysis
7.2. Battery System Losses
7.3. Battery Weight
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value | |
---|---|---|
Chemistry | NMC (HE cell) | LTO (HP cell) |
Capacity | 50 Ah | 23 Ah |
Nominal voltage | 3.65 V | 2.3 V |
Standard charge/discharge C-rate | 1/1 | 4/4 |
Energy density | 206 Wh/kg | 96 Wh/kg |
Weight | 0.885 kg | 0.55 kg |
Internal resistance | 1.5 mΩ | 1.1 mΩ |
Battery cost | 150 € | 380 € |
DC/DC converter efficiency | 0.98 | |
DC/DC cost | 85 €/kW |
Monotype | Monotype | HESS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cell type | HE | HP | HE | HP |
274 | 435 | 274 | 435 | |
60 | 62 | 29 | 17 | |
Total number of cells | 16,440 | 26,970 | 7946 | 7395 |
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Akbarzadeh, M.; De Smet, J.; Stuyts, J. Battery Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Full-Electric Marine Applications. Processes 2022, 10, 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112418
Akbarzadeh M, De Smet J, Stuyts J. Battery Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Full-Electric Marine Applications. Processes. 2022; 10(11):2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112418
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkbarzadeh, Mohsen, Jasper De Smet, and Jeroen Stuyts. 2022. "Battery Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Full-Electric Marine Applications" Processes 10, no. 11: 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112418