Evaluation of the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behavior of Tracers for Their Applicability in SWCTT
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Apparatus
2.3. K-Value and Degree of Hydrolysis Calculation
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
kN | Neutral hydrolysis rate constant |
k(1phase) | Single-phase hydrolysis rate constant |
k(2phase) | Two-phase hydrolysis rate constant |
K | Partitioning coefficient |
Vo | Oil volume |
Vw | Water volume |
τ1/2 | Reaction half-life (1/2 hydrolysis) |
ts | Shut-in time |
logKow | Octanol/water partition coefficient |
S | Salinity |
EtOF | Ethyl formate |
EtOAc | Ethyl acetate |
EtOPr | Ethyl propionate |
MeOAc | Methyl acetate |
LSW | Low salinity water |
HSW | High salinity water |
LT | Low temperature |
HT | High temperature |
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No. | Compound Name | # CAS | Boiling Point, °C | Solubility in Water, g/100 g (20 °C) | log Kow |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary (partitioning) tracers | |||||
1 | Methyl formate | 107,313 | 31.8 | 30.3 | −0.21 |
2 | Ethyl formate | 109,944 | 54.3 | 9.4 | 0.23 |
3 | Propyl formate | 110,747 | 81 | 2.8 | 0.83 |
4 | Methyl acetate | 79,209 | 57.1 | 31.9 | 0.18 |
5 | Ethyl acetate | 141,786 | 77.5 | 8.6 | 0.73 |
6 | Propyl acetate | 109,604 | 102 | 2.4 | 1.24 |
7 | Isopropyl acetate | 108,214 | 89 | 4,3 | 1.02 |
8 | Methyl propionate | 554,121 | 79.8 | 6.5 | 0.82 |
9 | Ethyl propionate | 105,373 | 99 | 2.4 | 1.43 |
Secondary and cover tracers | |||||
10 | Methanol | 67,561 | 64.7 | Total | −0.77 |
11 | Ethanol | 64,175 | 78.5 | Total | −0.31 |
12 | n-Propanol | 71,238 | 97 | Total | 0.34 |
13 | i-Propanol | 67,630 | 82.5 | Total | 0.05 |
14 | n-Butanol | 71,363 | 117.7 | 7.7 | 0.84 |
15 | i-Butanol | 78,831 | 108 | 8.7 | 0.76 |
Ester | T, °C | kN | τ1/2 | EA | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethyl formate | 25 °C | 0.4 | 1.6 | 93 | [30] |
Methyl acetate | 25 °C | 1.5 × 10−4 | 4600 | - | [31] |
Ethyl acetate | 25 °C | 5.4 × 10−5 | 12,777 | 120 | [24] |
Ethyl propionate | 96 °C | - | 4.9 | - | [6] |
Methyl benzoate | 175 °C | 0.31 | 2.2 | 59 | [32] |
Ethyl benzoate | 100 °C | 8.6 × 10−3 | 80 | - | [33] |
Tracer | T | K-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S = 0 | S = 100 | S = 150 | S = 200 | ||
Ethyl Formate | 25 | 1 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.4 |
40 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.6 | |
45 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.7 | 4.5 | |
Ethyl Acetate | 70 | 4 | 6.5 | 9.1 | 10.4 |
90 | 4.2 | 8 | 11 | 13.8 | |
110 | 4.5 | 10.2 | 14.8 | 17 | |
Ethyl Propionate | 60 | 16.5 | 27 | 34 | - |
90 | 20 | 29 | 37 | - |
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Anikin, O.V.; Bolotov, A.V.; Mukhutdinova, A.R.; Varfolomeev, M.A. Evaluation of the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behavior of Tracers for Their Applicability in SWCTT. Processes 2022, 10, 2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112395
Anikin OV, Bolotov AV, Mukhutdinova AR, Varfolomeev MA. Evaluation of the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behavior of Tracers for Their Applicability in SWCTT. Processes. 2022; 10(11):2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112395
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnikin, Oleg V., Alexander V. Bolotov, Alfiya R. Mukhutdinova, and Mikhail A. Varfolomeev. 2022. "Evaluation of the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behavior of Tracers for Their Applicability in SWCTT" Processes 10, no. 11: 2395. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112395