Innate Immune Responses in Pediatric Patients with Gastritis—A Trademark of Infection or Chronic Inflammation?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Genotyping Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Demographic Analysis of the Sample
3.2. The Laboratory Parameters of the Three Groups
3.3. TLR2 rs380499 Gene Polymorphism and Laboratory Parameters
3.4. The NLRP3 rs10754558 Gene Polymorphism and Laboratory Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 51) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 103) | Control Group (n = 115) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
12.92 ± 3.783 (13.00) | 12.15 ± 4.514 (13.00) | 12.14 ± 3.783 (13.00) | * 0.4892 | |
Gender | ||||
Girls | 32 (62.75%) | 68 (66.02%) | 68 (59.13%) | 0.5764 |
Boys | 19 (37.25%) | 35 (33.98%) | 47 (40.87%) | |
Originating Area | ||||
Urban | 17 (33.33%) | 45 (43.69%) | 66 (57.39%) | 0.0100 |
Rural | 34 (66.67%) | 58 (56.31%) | 49 (42.61%) | |
TLR2 rs3804099 | ||||
CT genotype | 16 (31.37%) | 53 (51.46%) | 54 (46.96%) | 0.1339 |
TT genotype | 27 (52.94%) | 33 (32.04%) | 43 (37.39%) | |
CC genotype | 8 (15.69%) | 17 (16.50%) | 18 (15.65%) | |
TLR2 rs3804100 | ||||
CT genotype | 3 (5.88%) | 14 (13.59%) | 17 (14.78%) | 0.5570 |
TT genotype | 47 (92.16%) | 88 (85.44%) | 97 (84.35%) | |
CC genotype | 1 (1.96%) | 1 (0.97%) | 1 (0.87%) | |
NLRP3 rs10754558 | ||||
CC genotype | 20 (39.22%) | 37 (35.92%) | 43 (37.39%) | 0.5971 |
CG genotype | 27 (52.94%) | 50 (48.55%) | 52 (45.22%) | |
GG genotype | 4 (7.84%) | 16 (15.53%) | 20 (17.39%) | |
Family History | ||||
Absent | 50 (98.04%) | 101 (98.06%) | 114 (99.13%) | 0.7700 |
Present | 1 (1.96%) | 2 (1.94%) | 1 (0.87%) | |
Living Conditions | ||||
Good | 33 (64.71%) | 89 (86.41%) | 107 (93.04%) | <0.0001 |
Poor | 18 (35.29%) | 14 (13.59%) | 8 (6.96%) | |
IgA Anti-H. pylori | ||||
Positive | 34 (66.67%) | 7 (6.80%) | 5 (4.35%) | <0.0001 |
Negative | 17 (33.33%) | 96 (93.20%) | 110 (95.65%) | |
Gastroesophageal Reflux | ||||
Present | 9 (17.65%) | 19 (18.45%) | 30 (26.09%) | 0.2944 |
Absent | 42 (82.35%) | 84 (81.55%) | 85 (73.91%) | |
Biliary Reflux | ||||
Present | 12 (23.53%) | 35 (33.98%) | 35 (30.43%) | 0.4151 |
Absent | 39 (76.47%) | 68 (66.02%) | 80 (69.57%) | |
Rapid Urease Test | ||||
Positive | 34 (66.67%) | 13 (12.62%%) | 15 (13.04%) | <0.0001 |
Negative | 17 (33.33%) | 86 (83.50%) | 99 (86.09%) |
Parameters | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 51) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 103) | Control Group (n = 115) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.50 ± 2.101 (13.20) | 13.31 ± 1.244 (13.30) | 13.44 ± 1.373 (13.50) | * 0.7911 |
Leucocytes (103/µL) | 7.844 ± 2.282 (7.55) | 7.833 ± 2.773 (7.00) | 7.200 ± 2.457 (6.69) | * 0.0527 |
Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 2.482 ± 0.6812 (2.50) | 2.579 ± 0.8888 (2.50) | 2.434 ± 0.7767 (2.42) | * 0.4405 |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 4.367 ± 2.096 (3.85) | 4.298 ± 2.471 (3.60) | 3.905 ± 2.353 (3.32) | * 0.1313 |
Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.2773 ± 0.3965 (0.12) | 0.2527 ± 0.8225 (0.136) | 0.2236 ± 0.2984 (0.11) | * 0.7122 |
ESR (mm/h) | 11.00 ± 9.302 (9.00) | 10.89 ± 9.555 (7.00) | 9.496 ± 7.315 (7.00) | * 0.5730 |
Iron (µmol/L) | 15.27 ± 7.007 (14.22) | 14.80 ± 7.682 (12.97) | 15.68 ± 6.951 (14.94) | * 0.3804 |
AST (U/L) | 20.89 ± 6.705 (19.60) | 22.27 ± 9.594 (18.70) | 22.91 ± 11.01 (20.20) | * 0.5924 |
ALT (U/L) | 12.95 ± 4.269 (12.20) | 14.48 ± 10.07 (12.00) | 14.75 ± 7.305 (13.10) | * 0.1189 |
GGT (U/L) | 11.51 ± 3.313 (11.00) | 13.31 ± 7.750 (11.00) | 12.97 ± 4.535 (12.00) | * 0.1004 |
NLR | 1.985 ± 1.445 (1.43) | 2.053 ± 1.866 (1.44) | 1.859 ± 1.589 (1.35) | * 0.5609 |
Parameters | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 27) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 70) | Control Group (n = 69) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
CRP (mg/L) | 0.6048 ± 0.8973 (0.21) | 1.911 ± 3.456 (0.435) | 1.157 ± 2.400 (0.20) | * 0.0452 |
Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test | Significant? p < 0.05? | |
---|---|---|
CRP (mg/L) | H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. H. pylori-negative gastritis | 0.0839 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. control group | 0.5880 | |
H. pylori-negative gastritis vs. control group | * 0.0232 |
CC Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 43) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 8) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 17) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 18) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.10 ± 1.298 (13.95) | 13.72 ± 1.103 (13.50) | 13.49 ± 1.228 (13.75) | * 0.8040 |
Leucocytes (103/µL) | 7.223 ± 1.122 (7.29) | 7.473 ± 1.212 (7.03) | 8.607 ± 3.842 (6.735) | * 0.9600 |
Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 2.436 ± 0.6104 (2.65) | 2.941 ± 0.8782 (2.75) | 2.427 ± 0.7667 (2.335) | 0.1293 |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 3.983 ± 0.9837 (3.82) | 3.706 ± 1.324 (3.58) | 5.237 ± 3.838 (3.88) | * 0.5713 |
Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.1450 ± 0.1574 (0.075) | 0.1765 ± 0.1198 (0.16) | 0.1728 ± 0.2815 (0.075) | * 0.2337 |
ESR (mm/h) | 8.125 ± 5.194 (6.00) | 10.12 ± 9.151 (6.00) | 11.67 ± 8.918 (9.00) | * 0.4078 |
Iron µmol/L) | 15.76 ± 4.594 (15.40) | 17.44 ± 9.488 (13.90) | 14.88 ± 6.415 (14.98) | 0.6059 |
AST (U/L) | 21.90 ± 4.524 (21.85) | 20.41 ± 9.228 (18.00) | 20.97 ± 5.388 (19.25) | * 0.3246 |
ALT (U/L) | 13.24 ± 6.625 (10.35) | 14.07 ± 8.557 (12.40) | 15.68 ± 6.468 (14.55) | * 0.1713 |
GGT (U/L) | 12.50 ± 4.408 (11.00) | 11.76 ± 4.085 (11.00) | 12.33 ± 3.361 (11.50) | * 0.5595 |
NLR | 1.769 ± 0.7707 (1.34) | 1.439 ± 0.8441 (1.14) | 2.515 ± 2.293 (1.845) | * 0.1417 |
CT Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 123) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 16) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 53) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 54) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.79 ± 3.279 (13.45) | 13.34 ± 1.262 (13.40) | 13.25 ± 1.252 (13.20) | * 0.6544 |
Leucocytes (103/µL) | 7.833 ± 1.975 (7.56) | 7.942 ± 3.043 (6.97) | 6.850 ± 1.914 (6.515) | * 0.1271 |
Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 2.509 ± 0.7732 (2.515) | 2.486 ± 0.8020 (2.48) | 2.570 ± 0.8400 (2.53) | * 0.9816 |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 4.273 ± 1.795 (3.465) | 4.402 ± 2.589 (3.76) | 3.385 ± 1.607 (3.035) | * 0.0325 |
Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.3044 ± 0.3601 (0.18) | 0.3216 ± 1.128 (0.12) | 0.2767 ± 0.3675 (0.13) | * 0.3403 |
ESR (mm/h) | 11.13 ± 6.642 (10.00) | 10.85 ± 9.183 (7.00) | 8.093 ± 5.307 (6.00) | * 0.1487 |
Iron µmol/L) | 16.79 ± 9.143 (14.32) | 14.01 ± 6.380 (12.07) | 16.49 ± 7.274 (15.95) | * 0.1597 |
AST (U/L) | 22.36 ± 7.181 (20.60) | 21.19 ± 7.102 (18.40) | 23.98 ± 13.86 (20.80) | * 0.4587 |
ALT (U/L) | 13.01 ± 3.613 (11.95) | 14.55 ± 11.54 (12.40) | 14.88 ± 7.692 (12.95) | * 0.4954 |
GGT (U/L) | 11.63 ± 3.828 (10.50) | 13.42 ± 8.423 (11.00) | 13.07 ± 4.421 (12.00) | * 0.4162 |
NLR | 1.996 ± 1.455 (1.525) | 2.157 ± 2.009 (1.57) | 1.455 ± 0.9200 (1.14) | * 0.0676 |
TT Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 103) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 27) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 33) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 43) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.16 ± 1.241 (13.00) | 13.05 ± 1.256 (13.20) | 13.65 ± 1.561 (13.60) | * 0.1838 |
Leucocytes (103/µL) | 8.035 ± 2.696 (7.74) | 7.844 ± 2.938 (7.00) | 7.051 ± 2.181 (6.78) | * 0.2410 |
Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 2.479 ± 0.6679 (2.35) | 2.542 ± 1.001 (2.34) | 2.266 ± 0.6753 (2.38) | 0.2859 |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 4.537 ± 2.499 (4.12) | 4.435 ± 2.734 (3.36) | 4.002 ± 2.166 (3.48) | * 0.7447 |
Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.3013 ± 0.4655 (0.125) | 0.1814 ± 0.2553 (0.136) | 0.1728 ± 0.1801 (0.11) | * 0.6806 |
ESR (mm/h) | 11.78 ± 11.42 (9.00) | 11.36 ± 10.56 (8.00) | 10.35 ± 8.499 (9.00) | * 0.9502 |
Iron µmol/L) | 14.22 ± 6.154 (12.06) | 14.71 ± 8.498 (13.41) | 15.00 ± 6.792 (12.29) | * 0.8902 |
AST (U/L) | 19.73 ± 6.938 (18.00) | 24.97 ± 12.55 (22.30) | 22.38 ± 8.432 (19.60) | * 0.1835 |
ALT (U/L) | 12.83 ± 3.956 (12.90) | 14.59 ± 8.361 (11.20) | 14.19 ± 7.247 (13.10) | * 0.6592 |
GGT (U/L) | 11.15 ± 2.641 (11.00) | 13.94 ± 8.131 (12.00) | 13.12 ± 5.137 (11.00) | * 0.1578 |
NLR | 2.043 ± 1.618 (1.54) | 2.201 ± 1.987 (1.44) | 2.093 ± 1.791 (1.60) | * 0.9275 |
Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test | Significant? p < 0.05? | |
---|---|---|
Neutrophils in CT genotype group | H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. H. pylori-negative gastritis | 0.7383 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. control group | 0.0639 | |
H. pylori-negative gastritis vs. control group | 0.0190 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis (n = 51) | CC Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 8) Mean ± SD (Median) | CT Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 16) Mean ± SD (Median) | TT Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 27) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 3.983 ± 0.9837 (3.820) | 4.273 ± 1.795 (3.465) | 4.537 ± 2.499 (4.12) | * 0.9840 |
H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 51) | CC Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 20) Mean ± SD (Median) | CG Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 27) Mean ± SD (Median) | GG Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 3) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 4.939 ± 2.417 (4.53) | 3.863 ± 1.705 (3.27) | 4.908 ± 2.481 (3.895) | * 0.1595 |
CC Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 28) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 7) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 10) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 11) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
CRP (mg/L) | 1.003 ± 1.436 (0.40) | 0.1640 ± 0.1414 (0.20) | 1.998 ± 4.471 (0.20) | * 0.2366 |
CT Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 74) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 8) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 34) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 32) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.4013 ± 0.5608 (0.215) | 2.309 ± 3.803 (0.39) | 1.113 ± 2.116 (0.20) | * 0.0833 |
TT Genotype of TLR2 rs3804099 (n = 63) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 12) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 26) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 25) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.5083 ± 0.6606 (0.205) | 2.063 ± 3.523 (1.020) | 0.7676 ± 1.255 (0.20) | * 0.0171 |
Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test | Significant? p < 0.05? | |
---|---|---|
CRP in TT genotype group | H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. H. pylori-negative gastritis | 0.0264 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. control group | 0.4797 | |
H. pylori-negative gastritis vs. control group | 0.0137 |
CC Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 100) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 20) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 37) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 43) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.44 ± 0.9539 (13.15) | 13.36 ± 1.113 (13.30) | 13.52 ± 1.137 (13.60) | * 0.8610 |
Leucocytes (103/µL) | 8.741 ± 2.595 (8.955) | 8.508 ± 3.778 (7.16) | 7.055 ± 1.956 (6.76) | * 0.0185 |
Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 2.616 ± 0.7164 (2.575) | 2.459 ± 0.9214 (2.50) | 2.528 ± 0.6515 (2.44) | * 0.7465 |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 4.939 ± 2.417 (4.53) | 5.116 ± 3.432 (3.60) | 3.630 ± 2.058 (3.11) | * 0.0379 |
Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.4080 ± 0.5380 (0.255) | 0.1815 ± 0.2561 (0.11) | 0.2444 ± 0.3119 (0.19) | * 0.0483 |
ESR (mm/h) | 11.60 ± 8.426 (9.50) | 11.59 ± 10.43 (7.00) | 9.953 ± 7.946 (7.00) | * 0.8556 |
Iron (µmol/L) | 13.76 ± 4.664 (12.26) | 14.87 ± 9.315 (13.21) | 17.31 ± 7.581 (15.86) | * 0.0518 |
AST (U/L) | 20.82 ± 6.462 (19.55) | 21.59 ± 6.499 (19.50) | 24.56 ± 8.946 (22.50) | * 0.2203 |
ALT (U/L) | 13.33 ± 4.149 (13.70) | 13.45 ± 8.060 (11.20) | 16.54 ± 9.687 (13.60) | * 0.0356 |
GGT (U/L) | 11.25 ± 3.193 (11.00) | 13.76 ± 9.023 (12.00) | 12.81 ± 5.491 (11.00) | * 0.4598 |
NLR | 2.061 ± 1.314 (1.79) | 2.577 ± 2.457 (1.32) | 1.655 ± 1.621 (1.28) | * 0.1338 |
CC Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 129) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 27) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 50) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 52) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.59 ± 2.782 (13.50) | 13.33 ± 1.367 (13.45) | 13.31 ± 1.506 (13.40) | * 0.9528 |
Leucocytes (103/µL) | 7.161 ± 1.822 (6.81) | 7.397 ± 2.010 (6.945) | 6.920 ± 2.444 (6.515) | * 0.2235 |
Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 2.391 ± 0.6906 (2.42) | 2.603 ± 0.8177 (2.425) | 2.417 ± 0.8300 (2.425) | * 0.5341 |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 3.863 ± 1.705 (3.27) | 3.794 ± 1.434 (3.615) | 3.672 ± 2.126 (3.305) | * 0.4342 |
Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.2039 ± 0.2466 (0.10) | 0.3278 ± 1.158 (0.145) | 0.2306 ± 0.3197 (0.105) | * 0.7530 |
ESR (mm/h) | 10.48 ± 10.60 (7.00) | 10.30 ± 8.572 (7.50) | 8.558 ± 6.446 (6.00) | * 0.5342 |
Iron (µmol/L) | 17.01 ± 8.415 (15.78) | 14.21 ± 6.845 (11.88) | 14.93 ± 6.735 (13.15) | * 0.2395 |
AST (U/L) | 20.74 ± 6.604 (20.80) | 21.77 ± 7.457 (19.90) | 22.78 ± 13.65 (20.15) | * 0.9339 |
ALT (U/L) | 12.94 ± 4.535 (11.70) | 15.40 ± 11.81 (12.45) | 13.53 ± 4.766 (12.95) | * 0.5719 |
GGT (U/L) | 11.78 ± 3.672 (11.00) | 13.50 ± 7.451 (11.50) | 13.06 ± 4.161 (12.00) | * 0.3507 |
NLR | 1.908 ± 1.592 (1.37) | 1.748 ± 1.369 (1.445) | 1.721 ± 1.319 (1.325) | * 0.8565 |
GG Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 40) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 4) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 16) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 20) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.25 ± 0.7188 (13.00) | 13.13 ± 1.183 (13.00) | 13.59 ± 1.514 (13.65) | * 0.3968 |
Leucocytes (103/µL) | 7.973 ± 2.405 (7.14) | 7.634 ± 1.737 (7.49) | 8.240 ± 3.213 (7.21) | * 0.9920 |
Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 2.420 ± 0.3879 (2.305) | 2.783 ± 1.034 (2.66) | 2.276 ± 0.8859 (2.09) | * 0.3517 |
Neutrophils (103/µL) | 4.908 ± 2.481 (3.895) | 3.983 ± 1.987 (3.60) | 5.105 ± 3.146 (3.975) | * 0.4413 |
Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.06667 ± 0.03512 (0.07) | 0.1829 ± 0.1587 (0.138) | 0.1605 ± 0.1991 (0.08) | * 0.1685 |
ESR (mm/h) | 11.50 ± 3.697 (11.50) | 11.13 ± 10.83 (8.00) | 10.95 ± 8.056 (8.50) | * 0.5106 |
Iron µmol/L) | 11.02 ± 0.4034 (11.11) | 16.48 ± 5.981 (16.36) | 14.10 ± 5.564 (12.25) | * 0.1168 |
AST (U/L) | 22.33 ± 10.19 (18.45) | 25.41 ± 18.18 (17.15) | 19.69 ± 5.672 (19.05) | * 0.9596 |
ALT (U/L) | 11.13 ± 3.327 (10.00) | 13.99 ± 8.463 (11.80) | 14.08 ± 6.324 (12.25) | * 0.4787 |
GGT (U/L) | 11.00 ± 0.00 (11.00) | 11.69 ± 5.313 (10.50) | 13.10 ± 3.194 (12.00) | * 0.0811 |
NLR | 2.128 ± 1.331 (1.55) | 1.793 ± 1.418 (1.525) | 2.659 ± 1.963 (2.225) | * 0.2750 |
Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test | Significant? p < 0.05? | |
---|---|---|
Leucocytes in CC genotype group | H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. H. pylori-negative gastritis | 0.2129 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. control group | 0.0022 | |
H. pylori-negative gastritis vs. control group | 0.2132 | |
Neutrophils in CC genotype group | H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. H. pylori-negative gastritis | 0.4877 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. control group | 0.0774 | |
H. pylori-negative gastritis vs. control group | 0.0151 | |
Eosinophils in CC genotype group | H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. H. pylori-negative gastritis | 0.0365 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. control group | 0.3754 | |
H. pylori-negative gastritis vs. control group | 0.0516 | |
ALT in CC genotype group | H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. H. pylori-negative gastritis | 0.2921 |
H. pylori-induced gastritis vs. control group | 0.2911 | |
H. pylori-negative gastritis vs. control group | 0.0103 |
CC Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 60) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 8) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 26) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 26) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.8288 ± 0.8528 (0.315) | 3.140 ± 5.131 (0.515) | 1.052 ± 2.003 (0.20) | * 0.1133 |
CC Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 83) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 16) Mean ± SD (Median)) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 33) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 34) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.545 ± 1.004 (0.20) | 1.131 ± 1.513 (0.38) | 0.8482 ± 1.548 (0.24) | * 0.1574 |
CC Genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 (n = 22) | H. pylori-Induced Gastritis (n = 3) Mean ± SD (Median) | H. pylori-Negative Gastritis (n = 11) Mean ± SD (Median) | Control Group (n = 8) Mean ± SD (Median) | p-Value |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.3267 ± 0.1137 (0.36) | 1.350 ± 1.732 (0.25) | 2.576 ± 5.196 (0.35) | * 0.9224 |
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Meliț, L.E.; Mărginean, C.O.; Săsăran, M.O.; Mocanu, S.; Ghiga, D.V.; Crișan, A.; Bănescu, C. Innate Immune Responses in Pediatric Patients with Gastritis—A Trademark of Infection or Chronic Inflammation? Children 2022, 9, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020121
Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Săsăran MO, Mocanu S, Ghiga DV, Crișan A, Bănescu C. Innate Immune Responses in Pediatric Patients with Gastritis—A Trademark of Infection or Chronic Inflammation? Children. 2022; 9(2):121. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020121
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeliț, Lorena Elena, Cristina Oana Mărginean, Maria Oana Săsăran, Simona Mocanu, Dana Valentina Ghiga, Adriana Crișan, and Claudia Bănescu. 2022. "Innate Immune Responses in Pediatric Patients with Gastritis—A Trademark of Infection or Chronic Inflammation?" Children 9, no. 2: 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020121