Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Foreign Bodies in the Liver in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Article | Year | Article Type | Number of Patients | Age | Sex | Foreign Body | Clinical Presentation | Imaging | Duration of Symptoms | Timing | Mode of Entry | Position in the Liver (Lobe) | Surgery | Surgical Complications | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nishimoto Y. [14] | 2003 | Case report | 1 | 1 y | M | Sewing needle | Asymptomatic | X-ray | Asymptomatic | Unknown | Unknown | Left | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Discharged on 8th post-op day |
Thipphavong S. [4] | 2004 | Case report | 1 | 12 y | F | Ventriculoperitoneal shunt | Vomiting and headache, abdominal pain and augmented white blood cell count | CT | 5 d | 4 m | Iatrogenic | Right lobe | Spontaneous passing through the anus | No surgery performed | Asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up |
Meeks T. [23] | 2004 | Case report | 1 | 22 m | F | Air-powdered pellet | Asymptomatic | X-ray, Angiography | Unknown | Immediately | Penetration | Right | Laparotomy | None | Discharged on 8th post-op day |
Marya KM. [21] | 2006 | Case report | 1 | 5 y | U | Kirschner wire | Asymptomatic | X-ray, Abdominal US | Unknown | 4 w | Iatrogenic | Right | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up |
Azili MN. [15] | 2007 | Case report and review of literature | 1 | 14 y | F | Sewing needle | Abdominal pain, fever, increased white blood count | X-ray, Gastroscopy | Unknown | 1 m | Ingestion | Right | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Discharged on 7th post-op day |
Akçam M. [24] | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 5 y | M | Pin | Asymptomatic | X-ray, Abdominal US | Unknown | 3 m | Ingestion | Unknown | Endoscopic removal | None | Discharged on 1st post-op day |
Dominguez S. [2] | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 3 y | M | Sewing needle | Asymptomatic | X-ray, Abdominal US, CT | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Caudate | Laparoscopy, extraction | None | Asymptomatic at 19-months follow-up |
Avcu S. [16] | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 16 y | F | Sewing needle | Abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, increased white blood count, increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP. | X-ray, Abdominal US, CT | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Right | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Unknown |
Bakal U. [17] | 2012 | Case reports | 1 | 14 y | M | Sewing needle | Abdominal pain and vomiting (simultaneous appendicitis) | X-ray, Abdominal US, CT | 1 d | Unknown | Unknown | Right | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up |
Xu BJ. [18] | 2013 | Case report | 1 | 5 m | M | Sewing needle | Mild respiratory symptoms, increased white blood count, increased ALT, AST, bilirubin | X-ray, CT | 3 d | Unknown | Unknown | Right | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Asymptomatic at 2-months follow-up |
Adams S.D. [5] | 2014 | Case report | 1 | 6 y | F | Gastrostomy bumper | Persistent discharge, trouble advancing and rotating the tube, “buried bumper” syndrome | Gastroscopy | 18 m | 3 y | Iatrogenic | Left | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Discharged on 7th post-op day |
Hyak JM. [22] | 2020 | Retrospective study | 1 | U | U | Pellet fragment | 11 cm liver abscess | Unknown | Unknown | 1 m | Penetration | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
Le Mandat-Schultz A. [26] | 2003 | Case report | 1 | 11 m | M | Sewing needle | Cough and vomiting (simultaneous laryngitis) | X-ray, Abdominal US | Unknown | Unknown | Ingestion | Unknown | Laparoscopy, extraction | None | Discharged on 2nd post-op day |
Demir S. [19] | 2020 | Case report | 1 | 11 y | M | Sewing needle | Left armpit and chest pain | X-ray, Abdominal Ultrasound, CT | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Right | Laparotomy, extraction | None | Asymptomatic at 6-months follow-up |
Saitua F. [20] | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 3 m | M | Sewing needle | Mild respiratory symptoms (cough and minor respiratory difficulty) | X-ray, Abdominal Ultrasound, CT | 2 d | Unknown | Unknown | Quadrate lobe | Laparotomy and manual extraction | None | Discharged on 3rd post-op day |
Ariyuca S. [25] | 2009 | Case report | 1 | 16 y | F | Pin | Epigastric pain, abdominal tenderness, anorexia, elevated liver enzymes and white blood count | X-ray, Abdominal Ultrasound | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Left | Unknown | Unknownn | Unknown |
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 8 | 50% |
Female | 6 | 37% |
Unknown | 2 | 13% |
Type of foreign body | ||
sewing needle | 9 | 56% |
pin | 2 | 13% |
gun pellet | 2 | 13% |
Medical devices | 3 | 18% |
Route of access | ||
Unknwon | 9 | 56% |
Ingestion | 3 | 19% |
Penetration | 4 | 25% |
Clinical presentation | ||
Asymptomatic | 7 | 44% |
Abdominal pain | 5 | 31% |
Vomiting | 4 | 19% |
Other | 2 | 12% |
Imaging | ||
X-ray | 13 | 81% |
Abdominal Ultrasound | 9 | 56% |
CT-scan | 7 | 44% |
Digestive endoscopy | 2 | 13% |
Angiography | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 1 | 6% |
Position in the liver | ||
Right lobe | 9 | 56% |
Left lobe | 3 | 19% |
Quadrate lobe | 1 | 6% |
Caudate lobe | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 2 | 13% |
Intervention | ||
Surgical removal | 12 | 75% |
Endoscopic removal | 1 | 6% |
Spontaneus delivery | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 2 | 13% |
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Gigola, F.; Grimaldi, C.; Bici, K.; Ghionzoli, M.; Spinelli, C.; Muiesan, P.; Morabito, A. Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Foreign Bodies in the Liver in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Children 2022, 9, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020120
Gigola F, Grimaldi C, Bici K, Ghionzoli M, Spinelli C, Muiesan P, Morabito A. Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Foreign Bodies in the Liver in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Children. 2022; 9(2):120. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020120
Chicago/Turabian StyleGigola, Francesca, Chiara Grimaldi, Kejd Bici, Marco Ghionzoli, Claudio Spinelli, Paolo Muiesan, and Antonino Morabito. 2022. "Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Foreign Bodies in the Liver in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature" Children 9, no. 2: 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020120