Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis

Rao, P. Syamasundar; Rao, Nilesh Sai

doi:10.3390/children9121977

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Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis

by

P. Syamasundar Rao

^1,*

and

Nilesh Sai Rao

²

¹

Children’s Heart Institute, Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA

²

SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Children 2022, 9(12), 1977; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121977

Submission received: 5 November 2022 / Revised: 4 December 2022 / Accepted: 14 December 2022 / Published: 16 December 2022

(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Cardiology)

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Abstract

A significant number of patients with dextrocardia and other cardiac malpositions have other congenital heart defects (CHDs). The incidence of CHDs in subjects with cardiac malpositions is significantly greater than that in normal children, and the prevalence varies with the associated visceroatrial situs. The most useful approach to diagnosis is segmental analysis. Firstly, dextroposition should be excluded. In segmental analysis, the visceroatrial situs, ventricular location, status of atrioventricular connections, the great artery relationship, and conotruncal relationship are determined with the use of electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and echocardiographic studies, and, when necessary, other imaging studies, including angiography. Following identification of the afore-mentioned segments, the associated defects in the atrial and ventricular septae, valvar and vascular stenosis or atresia may be determined by a review of the historical information, physical examination, and analysis of chest roentgenogram, ECG, and echocardiographic studies. Along the way, a pictorial rendition of the terminology and diagnosis of cardiac malpositions is undertaken.

Keywords: dextrocardia; levocardia; dextroposition; situs solitus; situs inversus; situs ambiguous; cardiac malposition; asplenia; polysplenia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rao, P.S.; Rao, N.S. Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis. Children 2022, 9, 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121977

AMA Style

Rao PS, Rao NS. Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis. Children. 2022; 9(12):1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121977

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rao, P. Syamasundar, and Nilesh Sai Rao. 2022. "Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis" Children 9, no. 12: 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121977

APA Style

Rao, P. S., & Rao, N. S. (2022). Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis. Children, 9(12), 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121977

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Diagnosis of Dextrocardia with a Pictorial Rendition of Terminology and Diagnosis

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