Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Intervention Program
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. Muscular Strength
2.4.2. Flexibility
2.4.3. Body Composition
2.4.4. Bone Mineral Density
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Descriptive Statistics by Groups
3.2. Effects of the Jump Rope-Based PA Afterschool Program
3.3. Freestyle Rope Skipping vs. Traditional Jump Rope
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Freestyle Rope Skipping | Traditional Jump Rope | Control |
---|---|---|---|
Style | Dance, gymnastic, fancy skip, martial arts | Bounce | Free play |
Leaning objects | Team performance and enjoyment | Frequency and speed | N/A |
Sessions (times/weeks) | 36 sessions (three times/12 weeks) | 36 sessions (three times/12 weeks) | 12 weeks |
Intensity (# steps) | 2460–2640 steps (MVPA) | 2460–2640 steps (MVPA) | N/A |
Training time | 45 min (10 min: warm-up and instruction ➔ 30 min: jump rope activities ➔ 5 min: cooldown and stretching) | 45 min (10 min: warm-up and instruction ➔ 30 min: jump rope activities ➔ 5 min: cooldown and stretching) | N/A |
Bi-weekly lesson plan | |||
Week 2–3 | Single freestyle | Basic rope skills | N/A |
Week 4–5 | Long rope freestyle | Single rope speed | |
Week 6–7 | Chinese wheel freestyle | Double under speed | |
Week 8–9 | Double Dutch freestyle | Triple under speed | |
Week 10–11 | Single + Long rope freestyles | Basic rope skills + Single rope speed | |
Week 12–13 | Chinese wheel + Double Dutch freestyle | Double + Triple under speed |
Variables | Freestyle RS (N = 20) | Traditional JR (N = 20) | Control (N = 20) | Group Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | F/p | |
Age | 13.40 ± 0.59 | 13.55 ± 0.68 | 13.15 ± 0.36 | 2.54/0.08 |
Muscular strength (SLJ) | 161.50 ± 20.96 | 161.25 ± 26.05 | 170.25 ± 32.36 | 0.72/0.48 |
Muscular strength (RHG) | 20.27 ± 5.84 | 19.46 ± 4.69 | 21.24 ± 7.12 | 0.44/0.64 |
Muscular strength (LHG) | 18.69 ± 6.35 | 19.12 ± 5.44 | 21.23 ± 5.47 | 1.10/0.33 |
Flexibility | 2.97 ± 10.19 | 5.35 ± 4.26 | −0.15 ± 6.97 | 2.67/0.07 |
Body composition (WC) | 69.00 ± 7.45 | 62.80 ± 8.32 | 66.35 ± 8.92 | 2.83/0.06 |
BMD | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.43 ± 0.09 | 0.68/0.50 |
Variables | Groups | Pre-test, M ± SD | Post-test, M ± SD | Post–Pre, M (%) | p (Group × Time) | d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscular strength (SLJ) | Freestyle RS | 161.50 ± 20.96 | 170.05 ± 21.51 | 8.55 (5.29) | <0.001 | 0.40 |
Traditional JP | 161.25 ± 26.05 | 165.75 ± 21.78 | 4.50 (2.79) | 0.20 | ||
Control | 170.25 ± 32.36 | 166.60 ± 32.57 | −3.65 (−2.14) | 0.11 | ||
Muscular strength (RHG) | Freestyle RS | 20.27 ± 5.84 | 22.76 ± 6.27 | 2.49 (12.28) | <0.001 | 0.41 |
Traditional JP | 19.45 ± 4.69 | 21.67 ± 5.28 | 2.22 (11.41) | 0.44 | ||
Control | 21.24 ± 7.12 | 15.65 ± 5.32 | −5.59 (−26.32) | 0.88 | ||
Muscular strength (LHG) | Freestyle RS | 18.69 ± 6.35 | 21.20 ± 5.50 | 2.50 (13.38) | <0.001 | 0.42 |
Traditional JP | 19.12 ± 5.44 | 20.80 ± 5.36 | 1.68 (8.79) | 0.31 | ||
Control | 21.23 ± 5.47 | 13.20 ± 5.01 | −8.03 (−37.82) | 1.53 | ||
Flexibility | Freestyle RS | 2.97 ± 10.19 | 7.85 ± 7.12 | 4.87 (163.97) | <0.01 | 0.55 |
Traditional JP | 5.35 ± 4.26 | 6.42 ± 6.59 | 1.07 (20.00) | 0.19 | ||
Control | −0.15 ± 6.97 | 0.80 ± 5.72 | 0.95 (633.30) | 0.14 | ||
Body composition (WC) | Freestyle RS | 69.00 ± 7.45 | 68.93 ± 6.05 | −0.07 (−0.10) | <0.05 | 0.01 |
Traditional JP | 62.80 ± 8.32 | 67.75 ± 7.51 | 4.95 (7.88) | 0.84 | ||
Control | 66.35 ± 8.92 | 64.25 ± 13.39 | −2.10 (−3.17) | 0.18 | ||
BMD | Freestyle RS | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.03 (7.14) | >0.05 | 0.33 |
Traditional JP | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.40 ± 0.08 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 | ||
Control | 0.43 ± 0.09 | 0.42 ± 0.08 | −0.01 (−2.33) | 0.11 |
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Yang, X.; Lee, J.; Gu, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, T. Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program. Children 2020, 7, 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7080095
Yang X, Lee J, Gu X, Zhang X, Zhang T. Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program. Children. 2020; 7(8):95. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7080095
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xiaofeng, Joonyoung Lee, Xiangli Gu, Xiaoxia Zhang, and Tao Zhang. 2020. "Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program" Children 7, no. 8: 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7080095