Development and Validation of a Nausea Severity Scale for Assessment of Nausea in Children with Abdominal Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Instrument Development
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. Nausea Severity Scale (NSS)
2.4.2. The Children’s Somatization Inventory (CSI)
2.4.3. Functioning
2.4.4. Abdominal Pain
2.4.5. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety and Depression Scales
2.4.6. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Descriptive Statistics for Items on the Nausea Severity Scale
3.3. Internal Consistency
3.4. Concurrent Validity
3.5. Construct Validity
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | Pediatric AP-FGID Patients (n = 236) |
---|---|
Sex, n (%) | |
Female | 147 (62.3%) |
Male | 89 (37.7%) |
Age, Mean ± SD, years | 13.93 ± 1.87 |
Race, n (%) | |
Caucasian | 199 (84.3%) |
African American | 19 (8.1%) |
American Indian | 3 (1.3%) |
Asian | 1 (0.4%) |
Hispanic | 12 (5.1%) |
Other/mixed race | 13 (5.1%) |
Item Response | n (%) |
---|---|
Nausea Frequency (Item 1) | |
Not at all | 45 (19.1) |
One or two days | 70 (29.7) |
Three or four days | 40 (16.9) |
Most days | 47 (19.9) |
Every day | 34 (14.4) |
Daily Frequency of Nausea Episodes (Item 2) | |
None | 57 (24.2) |
Once a day | 65 (27.5) |
Two or three times a day | 72 (30.5) |
Four or more times a day | 19 (8.1) |
Constant during the day | 22 (9.3) |
Nausea Duration (Item 3) | |
No nausea | 48 (20.3) |
Less than 30 min | 61 (25.8) |
Half an hour to an hour | 69 (29.2) |
One to 4 h | 30 (12.7) |
Most or all of the day | 27 (11.4) |
Typical Nausea Intensity (Item 4) | |
No nausea (0) | 50 (21.2) |
1 | 6 (2.5) |
2 | 24 (10.2) |
3 | 26 (11.0) |
4 | 29 (12.3) |
5 | 30 (12.7) |
6 | 26 (11.0) |
7 | 23 (9.7) |
8 | 12 (5.1) |
9 | 4 (1.7) |
The most nausea possible (10) | 4 (1.7) |
NSS | CSI-GI | CSI-Non-GI | FDI | API | PROMIS Depression | PROMIS Anxiety | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSI-GI symptoms | 0.55 * | - | |||||
CSI-Non-GI symptoms | 0.45 * | 0.63 * | - | ||||
FDI | 0.42 * | 0.54 * | 0.55 * | - | |||
API | 0.42 * | 0.50 * | 0.39 * | 0.51 * | - | ||
PROMIS depression | 0.26 * | 0.35 * | 0.46 * | 0.33 * | 0.18 * | - | |
PROMIS anxiety | 0.26 * | 0.37 * | 0.44 * | 0.34 * | 0.23 * | 0.77 * | - |
Mean | 1.62 | 1.25 | 0.92 | 1.07 | 2.26 | 7.51 | 11.22 |
SD | 1.11 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.88 | 8.39 | 8.49 |
NSS | CSI-GI | CSI-non-GI | FDI | PROMIS Anxiety | PROMIS Depression | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSI-GI symptoms | 0.43 ** | - | ||||
CSI-Non-GI symptoms | 0.34 ** | 0.55 ** | - | |||
FDI | 0.27 ** | 0.37 ** | 0.44 ** | - | ||
PROMIS Anxiety | 0.19 * | 0.30 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.26 ** | - | |
PROMIS Depression | 0.21 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.44 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.77 ** | - |
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Russell, A.C.; Stone, A.L.; Wang, A.; Walker, L.S. Development and Validation of a Nausea Severity Scale for Assessment of Nausea in Children with Abdominal Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Children 2018, 5, 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5060068
Russell AC, Stone AL, Wang A, Walker LS. Development and Validation of a Nausea Severity Scale for Assessment of Nausea in Children with Abdominal Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Children. 2018; 5(6):68. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5060068
Chicago/Turabian StyleRussell, Alexandra C., Amanda L. Stone, Andi Wang, and Lynn S. Walker. 2018. "Development and Validation of a Nausea Severity Scale for Assessment of Nausea in Children with Abdominal Pain-Related Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders" Children 5, no. 6: 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5060068