Design, Content and Ecological Validity and Reliability of the Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children Aged 8–12 Years in the Province of Gipuzkoa (Spain)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Measuring Instrument
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phase 1: Content and Ecological Validity of the Questionnaire
3.2. Phase 2: Reliability of the Questionnaire
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children (Basque and Spanish Version)
- DATU OROKORRAK/DATOS GENERALES
- Udalerria/Municipio
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- Ikastetxea/Centro escolar
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- Maila/Curso
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ 3. maila/3° curso
- ☐ 4. maila/4° curso
- ☐ 5. maila/5° curso
- ☐ 6. maila/6° curso
- Generoa/Género
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ neska/chica
- ☐ mutila/chico
- ☐ ez bitarra/no binario
- ☐ nahiago dut ez erantzun/prefiero no contestar
- GALDETEGIA/CUESTIONARIO
- 1.
- Zeintzuk dira gehien egiten dituzun kirol edota jarduera fisikoak? (gehienez 3 aukeratu)/¿Cuáles son los deportes y/o actividades físicas que más practicas? (elige máximo 3)
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Bat ere ez/Ninguno☐ Aerobika/Aerobic☐ Arku tiraketa/Tiro con arco☐ Arrantza/Pesca☐ Arraunketa/Remo☐ Atletismoa/Atletismo☐ Automobilismoa (karting)/Automovilismo (karting)☐ Badmintona/Bádminton☐ Beisbol eta sofbola/Béisbol y sófbol☐ Bela/Vela☐ Belar gaineko hockeya/Hockey sobre hierba☐ Bodyboarda/Bodyboard☐ Bola eta Toka/Bola y Toca☐ Boleibola/Voleibol☐ Dantzak/Bailes☐ Futbola/Fútbol☐ Esgrima/Esgrima☐ Eskalada/Escalada☐ Eskia/Esquí☐ Eskubaloia/Balonmano☐ Esku pilota/Pelota mano☐ Gimnastika/Gimnasia☐ Golfa/Golf☐ Halterofilia/Halterofilia☐ Herri Kirolak/Herri Kirolak☐ Hipika/Hípica☐ Igeriketa/Natación☐ Igeriketa artistikoa/Natación artística☐ Irristaketa/Patinaje☐ Izotz gaineko irristaketa/Patinaje sobre hielo☐ Izotz gaineko hockeya/Hockey sobre hielo☐ Judoa/Judo☐ Karatea/Karate☐ Kirol egokitua/Deporte adaptado☐ Mahai tenisa/Tenis de mesa☐ Mendizaletasuna/Montañismo☐ Padela/Pádel☐ Paddel surfa/Paddel surf☐ Parkour/Parkour☐ Piraguismoa/Piragüismo☐ Pool edo Karanbola Billarra/Billar Pool o Carambola☐ Saskibaloia/Baloncesto☐ Scooter/Scooter☐ Skate/Skate☐ Snowboard/Snowboard☐ Sorospena/Socorrismo☐ Squash/Squash☐ Surfa/Surf☐ Taekwondoa/Taekwondo☐ Tenisa/Tenis☐ Triatloia/Triatlon☐ Txirrindularitza/Ciclismo☐ Urpeko jarduerak/Actividades subacuáticas☐ Waterpoloa/Waterpolo☐ Windsurfa/Windsurf☐ Xakea/Ajedrez☐ Yoga/Yoga☐ Zesta punta/Cesta punta☐ Zirku jarduerak/Actividades circenses☐ Besteak/Otros
- 2.
- Egiten ez dituzunetatik, zein kirol edota jarduera fisiko egitea gustatuko litzaizuke? (gehienez 3 aukeratu)/De los que no practicas, ¿qué deporte y/o actividad física te gustaría practicar? (elige máximo 3)
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Bat ere ez gehiago/Ninguno más☐ Aerobika/Aerobic☐ Arku tiraketa/Tiro con arco☐ Arrantza/Pesca☐ Arraunketa/Remo☐ Atletismoa/Atletismo☐ Automobilismoa (karting)/Automovilismo (karting)☐ Badmintona/Bádminton☐ Beisbol eta sofbola/Béisbol y sófbol☐ Bela/Vela☐ Belar gaineko hockeya/Hockey sobre hierba☐ Bodyboarda/Bodyboard☐ Bola eta Toka/Bola y Toca☐ Boleibola/Voleibol☐ Dantzak/Bailes☐ Futbola/Fútbol☐ Esgrima/Esgrima☐ Eskalada/Escalada☐ Eskia/Esquí☐ Eskubaloia/Balonmano☐ Esku pilota/Pelota mano☐ Gimnastika/Gimnasia☐ Golfa/Golf☐ Halterofilia/Halterofilia☐ Herri Kirolak/Herri Kirolak☐ Hipika/Hípica☐ Igeriketa/Natación☐ Igeriketa artistikoa/Natación artística☐ Irristaketa/Patinaje☐ Izotz gaineko irristaketa/Patinaje sobre hielo☐ Izotz gaineko hockeya/Hockey sobre hielo☐ Judoa/Judo☐ Karatea/Karate☐ Kirol egokitua/Deporte adaptado☐ Mahai tenisa/Tenis de mesa☐ Mendizaletasuna/Montañismo☐ Padela/Pádel☐ Paddel surfa/Paddel surf☐ Parkour/Parkour☐ Piraguismoa/Piragüismo☐ Pool edo Karanbola Billarra/Billar Pool o Carambola☐ Saskibaloia/Baloncesto☐ Scooter/Scooter☐ Skate/Skate☐ Snowboard/Snowboard☐ Squash/Squash☐ Surfa/Surf☐ Taekwondoa/Taekwondo☐ Tenisa/Tenis☐ Triatloia/Triatlon☐ Txirrindularitza/Ciclismo☐ Sorospena/Socorrismo☐ Urpeko jarduerak/Actividades subacuáticas☐ Waterpoloa/Waterpolo☐ Windsurfa/Windsurf☐ Xakea/Ajedrez☐ Yoga/Yoga☐ Zesta punta/Cesta punta☐ Zirku jarduerak/Actividades circenses☐ Besteak/Otros
- 3.
- Egiten al duzu, gutxienez egunean ordu betez (60 minutuz), arnasa azkar edo zailtasunez hartzera behartzen zaituzten edota izerdia botarazten dizuten kirolik edota jarduera fisikorik?/¿Practicas deporte y/o actividad física, que te obliguen a respirar deprisa o con dificultad y/o te hagan sudar, al menos durante 1 hora (60 minutos) al día?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Bai/Sí☐ Ez/No
- 4.
- Gorputz Hezkuntzako orduak kontuan hartu gabe, egiten duzu ANTOLATU GABEKO kirola edota jarduera fisikoa (zure denbora librean begirale edo entrenatzailerik gabe egiten dituzun jarduerak)?/Sin contar las horas de Educación Física, ¿haces deporte y/o actividad física NO ORGANIZADO (actividades que realizas en tu tiempo libre sin monitores/as o entrenadores/as)?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Bai/Sí☐ Ez/No
- 5.
- Gorputz Hezkuntzako orduak kontuan hartu gabe, egiten duzu ANTOLATUTAKO kirola edota jarduera fisikoa (ikastetxean, klubean, kiroldegian, gimnasioan edo antzeko leku batean, begirale edo entrenatzailearekin egiten dituzun jarduerak)?/Sin contar las horas de Educación Física, ¿haces deporte y/o actividad física ORGANIZADO (aquellas actividades que realizas en el centro escolar, en un club, polideportivo, gimnasio o sitio parecido con monitor/a o entrenador/a)?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Bai/Sí☐ Ez/No
- 6.
- Parte hartzen al duzu zure ikastetxeko eskola-kiroleko programan (multikirola)?/¿Participas en el programa de deporte escolar (multikirola) de tu centro escolar?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Bai/Sí☐ Ez/No
- 7A.
- Baloratu ezazu, oro har, zure ikastetxeko eskola-kiroleko programa (multikirola)./Valora de una manera global el programa de deporte escolar (multikirola) de tu centro escolar.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- (* Contestar solo si han contestado a “Parte hartzen al duzu zure ikastetxeko eskola-kiroleko programan (multikirola)?/¿Participas en el programa de deporte escolar (multikirola) de tu centro escolar?”: “Bai/Sí”)
- ☐ Txarra/Malo☐ Erdipurdikoa/Regular☐ Ona/Bueno☐ Oso ona/Muy bueno☐ Bikaina/Excelente
- 7B.
- Adierazi zein den zure egoera eskola-kiroleko programarekiko (multikirola)/Indica cuál es tu situación respecto al programa de deporte escolar (multikirola).
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- (* Contestar solo si han contestado a “Parte hartzen al duzu zure ikastetxeko eskola-kiroleko programan (multikirola)?/¿Participas en el programa de deporte escolar (multikirola) de tu centro escolar?”: “Ez/No)
- ☐ Nire ikastetxean ez dago horrelako programarik/No existe dicho programa en mi centro escolar☐ Parte hartu dut, baina utzi egin dut/He participado, pero lo he dejado☐ Ez dut inoiz parte hartu/No he participado nunca
- 8.
- Parte hartzen al duzu kirol lehiaketetan?/¿Participas en competiciones deportivas?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Bai/Sí☐ Ez/No
- 9.
- Adierazi normalean nola joaten eta itzultzen zaren zure etxetik ikastetxera./Indica cómo vas y vuelves habitualmente desde tu casa al centro escolar.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción por fila)
Oinez/Andando | Bizikletaz, monopatinez, patinetez eta abarrez (motorrik gabe)/En bicicleta, monopatín, patinete, etc. (sin motor) | Autobusez, autoz, motorrez, tranbiaz, trenez, patinetez (motorrarekin)/En autobús, coche, moto, tranvía, tren, patinete (con motor) | |
Joanekoa/Ida | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Itzulerakoa/Vuelta | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
- 10.
- Zure denbora librean, normalean, adierazi zenbat ordu ematen dituzun egunean hurrengo jardueretan: sare sozialetan, telebista ikusten, ordenagailuan/tablet-ean/mugikorrean jolasten edota bideoak ikusten, kontsolekin jolasten, interneten nabigatzen, etab./En tu tiempo libre, habitualmente, indica cuántas horas dedicas al día a alguna de estas actividades: redes sociales, ver televisión, jugar y/o ver videos en el ordenador/tablet/móvil, jugar con consolas, navegar por internet, etc.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción por fila)
2 ordu baino gutxiago/menos de 2 horas | 2 eta 4 ordu bitartean/entre 2 y 4 horas | 4 ordu baino gehiago/más de 4 horas | |
Eskolako eguna/Día de escuela | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Jaieguna/Día festivo | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
- 11.
- Adierazi zure familian eta lagunartean, normalean kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egiten duten pertsona guztiak./Indica todas las personas que practican deporte y/o actividad física de forma habitual en tu entorno familiar y amistades.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Ama/Madre☐ Aita/Padre☐ Anai-arrebak/Hermano/a☐ Beste senitarteko batzuk/Otros familiares☐ Lagunak/Amigos/as☐ Inork ez/Nadie
- 12.
- Adierazi kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egiteko zugan eragin positiboa duten pertsona guztiak./Indica todas las personas que influyen en ti positivamente para deporte y/o practicar actividad física.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Ama/Madre☐ Aita/Padre☐ Anai-arrebak/Hermano/a☐ Beste senitarteko batzuk/Otros familiares☐ Lagunak/Amigos/as☐ Gorputz Hezkuntzako irakaslea/Profesor/a de Educación Física☐ Entrenatzailea/Entrenador/a☐ Inork ez/Nadie
- 13.
- Zenbatero egiten duzu kirola edota jarduera fisikoa zure familiarekin?/¿Con qué frecuencia practicas deporte y/o actividad física con tus familiares?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Inoiz ez/Nunca☐ Batzuetan/A veces☐ Askotan/A menudo☐ Beti/Siempre
- 14.
- Zenbatero egiten duzu kirola edota jarduera fisikoa zure lagunekin?/¿Con qué frecuencia practicas deporte y/o actividad física con tus amigos/as?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Inoiz ez/Nunca☐ Batzuetan/A veces☐ Askotan/A menudo☐ Beti/Siempre
- 15.
- Animatzen al dituzu lagunak kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egitera?/¿Animas a tus amigos/as para que practiquen deporte y/o actividad física?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Bai/Sí☐ Ez/No
- 16.
- Ba al dago zure etxetik hurbil kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egiteko lekurik? (adierazi dituzun aukera guztiak)/¿Hay algún lugar cerca de tu casa para practicar deporte y/o actividad física? (indica todas las opciones que tienes)?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Kiroldegia/Polideportivo☐ Parkea/Parque☐ Jolas eremua/Zona de juego☐ Natur ingurunea/Medio natural☐ Ez dago/No existe
- 17.
- Ba al dago zure ikastetxetik hurbil kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egiteko lekurik? (adierazi dituzun aukera guztiak)/¿Hay algún lugar cerca de tu centro escolar para practicar deporte y/o actividad física? (indica todas las opciones que tienes)
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Kiroldegia/Polideportivo☐ Parkea/Parque☐ Jolas eremua/Zona de juego☐ Natur ingurunea/Medio natural☐ Ez dago/No existe
- 18.
- Normalean, zenbat ordu egiten dituzu lo egunean?/Habitualmente, ¿cuántas horas duermes al día?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción por fila)
8 ordu baino gutxiago/menos de 8 horas | 8 eta 10 ordu bitartean/entre 8 y 10 horas | 10 ordu baino gehiago/más de 10 horas | |
Eskolako eguna/Día de escuela | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Jaieguna/Día festivo | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
- 19.
- Adierazi kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egiteko dituzun zailtasun guztiak/Indica todas las dificultades que tienes para practicar deporte y/o actividad física.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Ez daukat oztoporik/No tengo barreras☐ Ez zait gustatzen kirola edota jarduera fisikoa/No me gusta el deporte y/o la actividad física☐ Ez naiz ona kiroletan edota jarduera fisikoetan/No soy bueno/a en los deportes y/o en las actividades físicas☐ Ez zait gustatzen lehiatzea/No me gusta competir☐ Oso nekatuta nago kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egiteko/Estoy muy cansado/a para hacer deporte y/o actividad física☐ Etxeko lan gehiegi ditut edota asko ikasi behar dut/Tengo demasiados deberes y/o tengo que estudiar mucho☐ Ez dut astirik/No tengo tiempo☐ Diru asko balio du/Cuesta mucho dinero☐ Osasun arrazoiengatik/Por motivos de salud☐ Beste oztopo batzuk/Otras barreras
- 20.
- Adierazi kirola edota jarduera fisikoa egiteko dituzun arrazoi guztiak./Indica todas las razones que tienes para practicar deporte y/o actividad física.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- ☐ Ez daukat arrazoirik/No tengo razones☐ Lagunekin egoteko/Para estar con mis amigos/as☐ Itxura fisikoa zaintzeko/Para cuidar mi aspecto físico☐ Ongi pasatzeko eta gozatzeko/Para divertirme y disfrutar☐ Lehiatzea gustatzen zaidalako/Porque me gusta competir☐ Gurasoek esaten didatelako/Porque lo dicen mis madres/padres☐ Osasungarria delako/Porque es saludable☐ Beste arrazoi batzuengatik/Por otras razones
- 21.
- Aukeratu zuri gehien egokitzen zaizun egoera./Elige la situación que más se ajuste a ti.
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Ez dut kirolik edota jarduera fisikorik egiten, eta ez dut egin nahi/No practico deporte y/o actividad física y no quiero practicarlo☐ Ez dut kirolik edota jarduera fisikorik egiten, baina egin nahi dut/No practico deporte y/o actividad física, pero quiero practicarlo☐ Kirola edota jarduera fisikoa aldizka egiten dut (astean hainbat aldiz) baina ez dut egiten jarraitu nahi/Practico deporte y/o actividad física regularmente (varias veces por semana) pero no quiero seguir practicándolo☐ Kirola edota jarduera fisikoa aldizka egiten dut (astean hainbat aldiz) eta egiten jarraitu nahi dut/Practico deporte y/o actividad física regularmente (varias veces por semana) y quiero seguir practicándolo
- 22.
- Zure ustez, heldua izatean, kirola edota jarduera fisikoa ohikotasunez egingo duzu?/¿Crees que, cuando seas mayor, practicarás deporte y/o actividad física de forma habitual?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)
- (* Marque una sola opción)
- ☐ Bai/Sí☐ Ez/No
Appendix B. Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children (English Version *)
- * (The questionnaire has not been validated in this language. Only for reading purposes)
- Municipality
- (* This question is mandatory)
- School center
- (* This question is mandatory)
- Grade
- (* This question is mandatory)
- (* Select only one option)
- ☐ 3rd grade (8–9 years old)☐ 4th grade (9–10 years old)☐ 5th grade (10–11 years old)☐ 6th grade (11–12 years old)
- Gender
- (* This question is mandatory)
- (* Select only one option)
- ☐ Female☐ Male☐ Non-binary☐ Prefer not to answer
- QUESTIONNAIRE
- 1.
- What are the sports and/or physical activities that you practice the most? (choose up to 3)
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ None☐ Aerobics☐ Archery☐ Fishing☐ Rowing☐ Athletics☐ Karting☐ Badminton☐ Baseball and Softball☐ Sailing☐ Field Hockey☐ Bodyboarding☐ Ball games☐ Volleyball☐ Dance☐ Football☐ Fencing☐ Climbing☐ Skiing☐ Handball☐ Basque pelota☐ Gymnastics☐ Golf☐ Weightlifting☐ Traditional Basque Sports☐ Horseback riding☐ Swimming☐ Artistic Swimming☐ Skating☐ Ice Skating☐ Ice Hockey☐ Judo☐ Karate☐ Adapted sports☐ Table tennis☐ Mountaineering☐ Padel tennis☐ Paddel surfing☐ Parkour☐ Canoeing☐ Billiards☐ Basketball☐ Scooter☐ Skateboarding☐ Snowboarding☐ Lifesaving☐ Squash☐ Surfing☐ Taekwondo☐ Tennis☐ Triathlon☐ Cycling☐ Underwater Activities☐ Water polo☐ Windsurfing☐ Chess☐ Yoga☐ Jai-Alai☐ Circus Activities☐ Others
- 2.
- From the ones you don’t practice, which sports or physical activities would you like to practice? (choose up to 3)
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ None☐ Aerobics☐ Archery☐ Fishing☐ Rowing☐ Athletics☐ Karting☐ Badminton☐ Baseball and Softball☐ Sailing☐ Field Hockey☐ Bodyboarding☐ Ball games☐ Volleyball☐ Dance☐ Football☐ Fencing☐ Climbing☐ Skiing☐ Handball☐ Basque pelota☐ Gymnastics☐ Golf☐ Weightlifting☐ Traditional Basque Sports☐ Horseback riding☐ Swimming☐ Artistic Swimming☐ Skating☐ Ice Skating☐ Ice Hockey☐ Judo☐ Karate☐ Adapted sports☐ Table tennis☐ Mountaineering☐ Padel tennis☐ Paddel surfing☐ Parkour☐ Canoeing☐ Billiards☐ Basketball☐ Scooter☐ Skateboarding☐ Snowboarding☐ Lifesaving☐ Squash☐ Surfing☐ Taekwondo☐ Tennis☐ Triathlon☐ Cycling☐ Underwater Activities☐ Water polo☐ Windsurfing☐ Chess☐ Yoga☐ Jai-Alai☐ Circus Activities☐ Others
- 3.
- Do you practice sports or physical activities that require you to breathe quickly or with difficulty and/or make you sweat, for at least 1 h (60 min) per day?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Yes☐ No
- 4.
- Apart from Physical Education hours, do you participate in NON-ORGANIZED sports or physical activities (activities you do in your free time without instructors or coaches)?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Yes☐ No
- 5.
- Apart from Physical Education hours, do you participate in ORGANIZED sports or physical activities (activities you do in school, clubs, sports centers, gymnasiums, or similar places with an instructor or coach)?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Yes☐ No
- 6.
- Do you participate in the school sports program (multisport) of your school?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Yes☐ No
- 7A.
- Overall, rate your school sports program (multisport).
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)(* Answer only if you answered “Yes” to “Do you participate in the school sports program (multisport) of your school?”)
- ☐ Poor☐ Fair☐ Good☐ Very good☐ Excellent
- 7B.
- Indicate your situation regarding the school sports program (multisport).
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)(* Answer only if you answered “No” to “Do you participate in the school sports program (multisport) of your school?”)
- ☐ There is no such program in my school☐ I participated but dropped out☐ I have never participated
- 8.
- Do you participate in sports competitions?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Yes☐ No
- 9.
- Indicate how you usually go to and from your home to school.
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option per row)
On foot | Cycling, skateboarding, scootering (non-motorized) | By bus, car, motorcycle, tram, train, scooter (with motor) | |
Going to school | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Returning from school | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
- 10.
- In your free time, usually, indicate how many hours you spend per day on the following activities: social networks, watching television, playing and/or watching videos on the computer/tablet/mobile, playing with consoles, browsing the internet, etc.
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option per row)
Less than 2 h | Between 2 and 4 h | More than 4 h | |
Schoolday | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Weekend/Holiday | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
- 11.
- Indicate all the people who regularly practice sports and/or physical activities in your family and friends.
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ Mother☐ Father☐ Siblings☐ Other relatives☐ Friends☐ No one
- 12.
- Indicate all the people who positively influence you to practice sports and/or physical activities.
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ Mother☐ Father☐ Siblings☐ Other relatives☐ Friends☐ Physical Education teacher☐ Coach☐ No one
- 13.
- How often do you practice sports and/or physical activities with your family?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Never☐ Sometimes☐ Often☐ Always
- 14.
- How often do you practice sports and/or physical activities with your friends?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Never☐ Sometimes☐ Often☐ Always
- 15.
- Do you encourage your friends to practice sports and/or physical activities?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Yes☐ No
- 16.
- Is there a place near your home to practice sports and/or physical activities? (indicate all options)
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ Sports center☐ Park☐ Playground☐ Natural environment☐ None
- 17.
- Is there a place near your school to practice sports and/or physical activities? (indicate all options)
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ Sports center☐ Park☐ Playground☐ Natural environment☐ None
- 18.
- Usually, how many hours do you sleep per day?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option per row)
Less than 8 h | Between 8 and 10 h | More than 10 h | |
Schoolday | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
Weekend/Holiday | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
- 19.
- Indicate all the difficulties you have for practicing sports and/or physical activity.
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ I have no barriers☐ I don’t like sports and/or physical activity☐ I’m not good at sports and/or physical activities☐ I don’t like to compete☐ I’m too tired to do sports and/or physical activity☐ I have too much homework and/or I have to study a lot☐ I don’t have time☐ It costs too much money☐ For health reasons☐ Other barriers
- 20.
- Indicate all the reasons you have for practicing sports and/or physical activity.
- (* This question is mandatory)
- ☐ I have no reasons☐ To be with my friends☐ To take care of my physical appearance☐ To have fun☐ Because I like to compete☐ Because my parents say so☐ Because it’s healthy☐ Other reasons
- 21.
- Choose the situation that best fits you.
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ I don’t practice sports and/or physical activity, and I don’t want to☐ I don’t practice sports and/or physical activity, but I want to☐ I practice sports and/or physical activity occasionally (several times a week) but I don’t want to continue☐ I practice sports and/or physical activity occasionally (several times a week) and I want to continue
- 22.
- Do you think, when you are older, you will regularly practice sports and/or physical activity?
- (* This question is mandatory)(* Select only one option)
- ☐ Yes☐ No
Appendix C. Items Eliminated After the Validation Process of the Initially Designed Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children
- 1.
- Normalean egiten al duzu kirola edota jarduera fisikorik?/¿Practicas deporte y/o actividad física de forma habitual?/Do you practice sports and/or physical activity regularly?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria/This question is mandatory)
- (* Marque una sola opción/Select only one option)
- ☐ Bai/Sí/Yes☐ Ez/No/No
- 10.
- Gorputz Hezkuntza irakasgaiko zenbat ordu dituzu astean?/¿Cuántas horas a la semana tienes la asignatura de Educación Física?/How many hours a week do you take Physical Education?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria/This question is mandatory)
- (* Marque una sola opción/Select only one option)
- ☐ Astean ordu 1 baino gutxiago/Menos de 1 hora a la semana/Less than 1 h a week☐ Astean ordu 1 eta 2 artean/Entre 1 y 2 horas a la semana/Between 1 and 2 h a week☐ Astean 2 ordu baino gehiago/Más de 2 horas a la semana/More than 2 h a week
- 24.
- Zure ustez, datorren ikasturtean kirola edota jarduera fisikoa ohikotasunez egingo duzu?//¿Crees que, el próximo curso, practicarás deporte y/o actividad física de forma habitual?/Do you think that next year you will practice sports and/or physical activity on a regular basis?
- (* Esta pregunta es obligatoria)/This question is mandatory)
- (* Marque una sola opción/Select only one option)
- ☐ Bai/Sí/Yes☐ Ez/No/No
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II/FI | Phase 1 Mean ± SD | Phase 2 Mean ± SD | Wilcoxon p Value | Effect Size (η2) | Percentage Change (Δ%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/1# | - | - | - | - | - |
2/2 | 3.71 ± 0.52 | 3.96 ± 0.17 | 0.020 * | 0.363 | 6.74 |
3/3 | 3.76 ± 0.41 | 3.87 ± 0.37 | 0.317 | 0.067 | 2.93 |
4/4 | 3.58 ± 0.67 | 3.93 ± 0.19 | 0.016 * | 0.387 | 9.78 |
5/5 | 3.67 ± 0.52 | 4.00 ± 0.00 | 0.010 * | 0.447 | 8.99 |
6/6 | 3.69 ± 0.56 | 4.00 ± 0.00 | 0.026 * | 0.330 | 8.40 |
7/9 | 3.87 ± 0.25 | 3.96 ± 0.17 | 0.334 | 0.062 | 2.33 |
8/7 | 3.78 ± 0.33 | 3.96 ± 0.17 | 0.123 | 0.159 | 4.76 |
8/8 | 3.78 ± 0.33 | 3.89 ± 0.21 | 0.272 | 0.080 | 2.91 |
9/10# | - | - | - | - | - |
10/11 | 3.82 ± 0.31 | 3.98 ± 0.09 | 0.066 | 0.226 | 4.19 |
11/12 | 3.80 ± 0.37 | 3.93 ± 0.19 | 0.157 | 0.133 | 3.42 |
12/13 | 3.89 ± 0.24 | 3.96 ± 0.12 | 0.257 | 0.086 | 1.80 |
13/14 | 3.73 ± 0.48 | 3.93 ± 0.19 | 0.111 | 0.169 | 5.36 |
14/15 | 3.73 ± 0.48 | 3.93 ± 0.14 | 0.084 | 0.198 | 5.36 |
15/16 | 3.93 ± 0.19 | 3.91 ± 0.15 | 0.739 | 0.007 | −0.51 |
16/17 | 3.44 ± 0.88 | 3.91 ± 0.23 | 0.027 * | 0.325 | 13.66 |
17/17 | - | - | - | - | - |
18/18 | 3.71 ± 0.45 | 4.00 ± 0.00 | 0.026 * | 0.332 | 7.82 |
19/19 | 3.58 ± 0.60 | 3.98 ± 0.09 | 0.011 * | 0.435 | 11.17 |
20/20 | 3.82 ± 0.33 | 3.93 ± 0.26 | 0.102 | 0.178 | 2.88 |
21/21 | 3.82 ± 0.45 | 3.98 ± 0.09 | 0.102 | 0.178 | 4.19 |
22/22 | 3.78 ± 0.39 | 3.98 ± 0.09 | 0.039 * | 0.283 | 5.29 |
23/23 | 3.56 ± 1.04 | 3.98 ± 0.09 | 0.102 | 0.178 | 11.80 |
24/24# | - | - | - | - | - |
25/25 | 3.84 ± 0.31 | 3.89 ± 0.21 | 0.750 | 0.007 | 1.30 |
Total S | 3.51 ± 0.61 | 3.91 ± 0.24 | 0.038 * | 0.287 | 11.40 |
Total Cl | 3.65 ± 0.34 | 3.95 ± 0.07 | 0.001 * | 0.676 | 8.22 |
Total Co | 3.75 ± 0.42 | 3.96 ± 0.08 | 0.027 * | 0.324 | 5.60 |
Total R | 3.84 ± 0.21 | 3.93 ± 0.13 | 0.021 * | 0.356 | 2.34 |
Total | 3.75 ± 0.29 | 3.95 ± 0.07 | 0.001 * | 0.676 | 5.33 |
Item | McNemar, McN-Bowker or Wilcoxon p Value | Cohen’s Kappa | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
1. Type of S-PA practice | - | 0.809 | 0.000 |
2. S-PA practice type desire | - | 0.569 | 0.000 |
3. Moderate S-PA practice—1 h/day | 0.002 * | 0.511 | <0.001 |
4. Unorganized S-PA | <0.001 * | 0.022 | 0.411 |
5. Organized S-PA | 0.607 | 0.372 | <0.001 |
6. SS program participation | 1.000 | 0.925 | <0.001 |
7a. SS program evaluation | 0.923 | 0.576 | <0.001 |
7b. Situation regarding SS programme | 0.042 * | 0.594 | <0.001 |
8. Participation in competitions | 0.851 | 0.724 | <0.001 |
9a. Home-school transfer | 0.187 | 0.859 | <0.002 |
9b. Transfer from school to home | 0.070 | 0.886 | <0.001 |
10a. Recreational screen time during the week | 0.231 | 0.378 | <0.001 |
10b. Weekend recreational screen time | 0.038 * | 0.492 | <0.001 |
11. Practice of S-PA in the environment | 0.537 | 0.952 | 0.000 |
12. Influence for practising S-PA | 0.558 | 0.931 | 0.000 |
13. S-PA practice with family members | 0.572 | 0.380 | <0.001 |
14. S-PA practice with friends | 0.211 | 0.410 | <0.001 |
15. Encourage friends to practise S-PA | 1.000 | 0.487 | <0.001 |
16. Place near/home to practise S-PA | 0.081 | 0.887 | 0.000 |
17. Nearby place/school to practise S-PA | 0.346 | 0.854 | 0.000 |
18a. Hours of sleep during the week | 0.037 * | 0.316 | <0.001 |
18b. Weekend sleep hours | 0.010 * | 0.388 | <0.001 |
19. Difficulties practising S-PA | 0.250 | 0.595 | <0.001 |
20. Reasons to practise S-PA | 0.922 | 0.911 | 0.000 |
21. Current S-PA situation/state | 0.147 | 0.234 | <0.001 |
22. Senior S-PA practice | 0.453 | 0.352 | <0.001 |
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Badiola-Lekue, A.; Ibañez, I.; Fuentes, M.; Yanci, J.; Usabiaga, O.; Iturricastillo, A. Design, Content and Ecological Validity and Reliability of the Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children Aged 8–12 Years in the Province of Gipuzkoa (Spain). Children 2025, 12, 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010100
Badiola-Lekue A, Ibañez I, Fuentes M, Yanci J, Usabiaga O, Iturricastillo A. Design, Content and Ecological Validity and Reliability of the Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children Aged 8–12 Years in the Province of Gipuzkoa (Spain). Children. 2025; 12(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010100
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadiola-Lekue, Aduna, Irantzu Ibañez, Maite Fuentes, Javier Yanci, Oidui Usabiaga, and Aitor Iturricastillo. 2025. "Design, Content and Ecological Validity and Reliability of the Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children Aged 8–12 Years in the Province of Gipuzkoa (Spain)" Children 12, no. 1: 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010100
APA StyleBadiola-Lekue, A., Ibañez, I., Fuentes, M., Yanci, J., Usabiaga, O., & Iturricastillo, A. (2025). Design, Content and Ecological Validity and Reliability of the Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children Aged 8–12 Years in the Province of Gipuzkoa (Spain). Children, 12(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010100