Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Individual Evaluation Proposal by Gréhaigne
2.2.2. BRUMS Scale
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
Technical–Tactical Skills
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | VEI | VEC | 95% CI | d | t-Value | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | Lower | Upper | ||||||
Boys | Session 1 | Ball played | 22.70 ± 2.10 | 19.83 ± 2.47 | 1.11 | 4.63 | 0.94 | 3.53 | 0.004 |
Conquered Ball | 6.51 ± 1.11 | 5.23 ± 1.19 | 0.33 | 2.23 | 0.78 | 2.91 | 0.006 | ||
Lost Ball | 13.54 ± 1.88 | 15.57 ± 1.82 | −3.91 | −0.14 | −0.62 | −2.32 | 0.018 | ||
Shoots/Goals | 11.59 ± 1.97 | 9.60 ± 1.59 | 0.27 | 3.71 | 0.67 | 2.50 | 0.013 | ||
Session 2 | Ball played | 23.38 ± 2.67 | 20.49 ± 2.70 | 1.02 | 4.75 | 0.89 | 3.35 | 0.005 | |
Conquered Ball | 6.71 ± 1.52 | 5.18 ± 1.67 | 0.31 | 2.73 | 0.72 | 2.73 | 0.009 | ||
Lost Ball | 12.36 ± 1.52 | 14.24 ± 1.81 | −3.19 | −0.56 | −0.82 | −3.08 | 0.004 | ||
Shoots/goals | 11.65 ± 1.20 | 9.84 ± 1.24 | 1.24 | 2.37 | 1.84 | 6.92 | 0.001 | ||
Girls | Session 1 | Ball played | 16.80 ± 2.33 | 15.01 ± 2.41 | −0.23 | 3.80 | 0.50 | 1.91 | 0.039 |
Conquered Ball | 4.30 ± 1.19 | 3.23 ± 0.93 | 0.04 | 2.09 | 0.59 | 2.24 | 0.021 | ||
Lost Ball | 10.35 ± 1.64 | 11.53 ± 1.46 | −2.56 | 0.21 | −0.48 | −1.83 | 0.045 | ||
Shoots/goals | 8.22 ± 1.70 | 6.43 ± 2.34 | 0.08 | 3.49 | 0.60 | 2.27 | 0.020 | ||
Session 2 | Ball played | 17.74 ± 2.52 | 15.61 ± 2.72 | 0.22 | 4.02 | 0.64 | 2.41 | 0.016 | |
Conquered Ball | 4.47 ± 1.22 | 3.49 ± 0.80 | 0.10 | 1.83 | 0.65 | 2.43 | 0.015 | ||
Lost Ball | 9.50 ± 1.52 | 10.56 ± 1.34 | −1.99 | −0.12 | −0.64 | −2.44 | 0.030 | ||
Shoots/goals | 8.29 ± 1.46 | 6.36 ± 1.72 | 0.73 | 3.12 | 0.93 | 3.49 | 0.002 |
VEI | VEC | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | ||||
Pre-Test | Post-Test | Pre-Test | Post-Test | ||
Boys | Depression | 6.35 ± 1.00 | 3.28 ± 1.54 | 6.22 ± 1.42 | 5.42 ± 1.50 |
Fatigue | 7.29 ± 0.89 | 3.71 ± 1.58 | 7.14 ± 1.09 | 5.92 ± 1.49 | |
Confusion | 6.78 ± 1.62 | 3.64 ± 1.69 | 7.07 ± 1.14 | 6.07 ± 1.59 | |
Tension | 6.64 ± 1.69 | 3.74 ± 1.72 | 7.21 ± 1.25 | 6.14 ± 1.70 | |
Anger | 7.73 ± 1.13 | 4.42 ± 1.94 | 7.35 ± 1.33 | 6.21 ± 1.76 | |
Vigor | 8.35 ± 1.15 | 10.64 ± 1.33 | 6.85 ± 1.40 | 7.64 ± 1.44 | |
Girls | Depression | 7.85 ± 1.02 | 4.28 ± 2.05 | 7.38 ± 6.33 | 6.33 ± 1.90 |
Fatigue | 7.57 ± 1.22 | 3.64 ± 1.94 | 7.28 ± 1.26 | 6.57 ± 2.10 | |
Confusion | 7.78 ± 1.42 | 2.85 ± 1.83 | 7.50 ± 1.50 | 6.85 ± 2.38 | |
Tension | 8.00 ± 1.51 | 4.42 ± 2.82 | 8.07 ± 1.97 | 7.28 ± 2.72 | |
Anger | 8.50 ± 2.02 | 4.14 ± 2.10 | 8.42 ± 2.34 | 7.85 ± 3.05 | |
Vigor | 8.92 ± 1.73 | 11.42 ± 1.28 | 7.57 ± 1.78 | 8.07 ± 1.67 |
Training Effect | Time Effect | Interaction Effect | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F(1,26) | η2 | p | F(1,26) | η2 | p | F(1,26) | η2 | p | ||
Boys | Depression | 6.04 | 0.18 | 0.021 | 34.15 | 0.56 | 0.001 | 11.99 | 0.31 | 0.002 |
Fatigue | 4.52 | 0.14 | 0.043 | 81.98 | 0.75 | 0.001 | 10.69 | 0.29 | 0.003 | |
Confusion | 8.75 | 0.25 | 0.007 | 34.81 | 0.57 | 0.005 | 9.31 | 0.26 | 0.005 | |
Tension | 10.21 | 0.28 | 0.004 | 26.99 | 0.50 | 0.001 | 5.82 | 0.18 | 0.023 | |
Anger | 2.43 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 29.39 | 0.60 | 0.001 | 8.86 | 0.25 | 0.006 | |
Vigor | 27.60 | 0.51 | 0.001 | 32.26 | 0.55 | 0.001 | 7.69 | 0.22 | 0.010 | |
Girls | Depression | 10.27 | 0.28 | 0.004 | 57.30 | 0.68 | 0.001 | 30.20 | 0.53 | 0.001 |
Fatigue | 10.51 | 0.18 | 0.023 | 51.76 | 0.66 | 0.001 | 24.81 | 0.48 | 0.001 | |
Confusion | 13.68 | 0.32 | 0.003 | 54.24 | 0.67 | 0.001 | 32.09 | 0.55 | 0.001 | |
Tension | 4.58 | 0.15 | 0.042 | 15.86 | 0.37 | 0.001 | 6.48 | 0.20 | 0.017 | |
Anger | 5.80 | 0.18 | 0.023 | 22.94 | 0.46 | 0.001 | 13.54 | 0.34 | 0.001 | |
Vigor | 23.73 | 0.47 | 0.001 | 15.30 | 0.37 | 0.001 | 6.80 | 0.20 | 0.015 |
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Sahli, F.; Bouzouraa, M.M.; Rebhi, M.; Romdhani, A.; Sahli, H.; Salem, A.; Trabelsi, K.; Ammar, A.; Zghibi, M. Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies. Children 2024, 11, 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040432
Sahli F, Bouzouraa MM, Rebhi M, Romdhani A, Sahli H, Salem A, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Zghibi M. Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies. Children. 2024; 11(4):432. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040432
Chicago/Turabian StyleSahli, Faten, Mohamed Mansour Bouzouraa, Mahmoud Rebhi, Amir Romdhani, Hajer Sahli, Atef Salem, Khaled Trabelsi, Achraf Ammar, and Makram Zghibi. 2024. "Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies" Children 11, no. 4: 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040432
APA StyleSahli, F., Bouzouraa, M. M., Rebhi, M., Romdhani, A., Sahli, H., Salem, A., Trabelsi, K., Ammar, A., & Zghibi, M. (2024). Enhancing Skills, Mood, and Performance in Overweight Handball Players: Exploring Individual vs. Collective Verbal Encouragement Strategies. Children, 11(4), 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040432